Potso eo ho phehisanoang khang ka eona haholo ke bankakarolo lefatšeng ka bophara ke hore na litsamaiso tsa hajoale tsa tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso li na le katleho ho hloaeang lipatlisiso tsa boleng bo holimo le ho ts'ehetsa tsoelopele ea mahlale. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, ho ntse ho e-na le matšoenyeho mabapi le mefokolo le leeme le ka bang teng la metrics ea khale ea tlhahlobo eo hangata e sitoang ho fumana mefuta eohle ea litlamorao le boleng ba lipatlisiso. Ka lebaka leo ho bile le tlhokahalo e ntseng e eketseha ea bankakarolo ea ho fetola mekhoa ea hajoale ea tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso.
Lipuisano tse mabapi le tokiso ea tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso li shebana le likarolo tse fapaneng tsa tlhahlobo ho kenyeletsoa tlhokeho ea mekhoa ea tlhahlobo e fapaneng le e kenyeletsang, karolo ea tlhahlobo ea lithaka le ts'ebeliso ea mahlale a bulehileng. Ba bang ba bonts'itse tlhokahalo ea ho tlohela ho shebana le metrics ea koranta ho ea tlhahlobong e felletseng le ea boleng ba phello ea lipatlisiso ho kenyelletsa tšebelisano, ho arolelana datha, ho kenya letsoho sechabeng ...
Bokamoso ba Tlhahlobo ea Lipatlisiso e fana ka tlhahlobo ea boemo ba hajoale ba litsamaiso tsa tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso le ho tšohla liketso tsa morao-rao, karabelo le matsapa a nkuoeng ke ba amehang ba fapaneng ka mehlala ea linyeoe tse 'maloa ho tsoa lefats'eng ka bophara. Sepheo sa pampiri ena ea lipuisano ke ho kenya letsoho lipuisanong tse tsoelang pele le lipotso tse bulehileng ka bokamoso ba tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso.
Kakaretso ea lintlha tse khethiloeng, mehato e nkuoeng le lipotso tse lulang li bulehile tse ipapisitseng le tlaleho li ka fumanoa ho infographic:
Sebelisa plugin ea rona ea ho fetolela ho bala pampiri inthaneteng kapa ka puo eo u e ratang.
Kakaretso e hlohonolofalitsoeng
Sistimi ea lipatlisiso e matla le e kenyeletsang e bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa mahlale le sechaba ho ntšetsa pele tsebo ea mantlha le kutloisiso le ho rarolla mathata a ntseng a eketseha a potlakileng a lefats'e. Empa tsamaiso ea lipatlisiso e tlas'a khatello ka lebaka la litebello tse ntseng li eketseha ho tsoa ho batšoantšisi ba bangata (ho kenyeletsoa bafani ba lichelete, mebuso le indasteri ea khatiso), tsitsipano pakeng tsa matla a tlhōlisano le tšebelisano-'moho, tsamaiso e tsoelang pele ea puisano ea litsebi, e mabifi - ka linako tse ling - indasteri ea khatiso le ea data analytics. le mehloli e fokolang. Khoebo ea lipatlisiso e tlameha ho laola litlhoko le likhohlano tsena ha e ntse e boloka boleng ba lipatlisiso, e ts'ehetsa botšepehi ba lipatlisiso, e kenyeletsang bohle le ho fapana le ho sireletsa lipatlisiso tsa mantlha le tse sebelisoang.
Lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng, likhatello tsena, le tlhokeho ea karabelo ea, sistimi ea mahlale e tsamaellana le maikutlo a bohlokoa haholo mabapi le litsamaiso tsa tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso le tekanyo ea tšebetso. Le hoja ho loketse, mekhoa e hlokolosi ea maemo bakeng sa ho hlahloba boleng ba lipatlisiso le phello e le ea bohlokoa, lipuisano li matlafetse ka liphello tse pharaletseng, tse rarahaneng le tse sa utloahaleng tsa litekanyetso tsa hona joale tsa tlhahlobo le litekanyetso tsa boleng le setso sa lipatlisiso, boleng ba bopaki bo tsebisang ho etsoa ha maano, lintho tse tlang pele ho lichelete tsa lipatlisiso le lipatlisiso, mekhoa ea motho ka mong ea mosebetsi le boiketlo ba bafuputsi. Likarolong tse ling tsa lefats'e, ho na le temoho e ntseng e hola ea hore sete e moqotetsane le e bonolo ea metrics le matšoao ha li fumane boleng, ts'ebeliso, botšepehi le mefuta-futa ea lipatlisiso ka mokhoa o khotsofatsang. Lipalo-palo tse sebelisoang khafetsa - hangata tse thehiloeng ho koranta - li hloleha ho nka lintlha tse ling tsa bohlokoa tsa lipatlisiso tsa boleng bo holimo joalo ka tse fumanoang tlhabollong, ho arolelana data, ho buisana le batho, ho holisa moloko o latelang oa litsebi le ho tsebahatsa le ho fana ka menyetla ho lihlopha tse sa emeng hantle. Ntle le ho ba moqotetsane haholo ka bophara, taba ea tšebeliso e mpe ea metrics le matšoao e boetse e bonoa e khopamisa likhothaletso bakeng sa phihlello, e hlokisa mekhoa e meng ea thuto (ho kenyeletsoa lipatlisiso tsa bohlokoa tse fapaneng le tsa thuto e fapaneng) le mekhoa ea phatlalatso e kotsi le e sa lokang.
Matšolo a ho thibela tšebeliso e mpe ea metrics, ho atolosa litekanyetso tsa boleng le ho fetola moetlo oa lipatlisiso ka mokhoa o hlophisehileng haholoanyane ka li-manifestos le lipolelo, melao-motheo le lintlafatso a thehile sethala sa lipuisano tsa lefats'e ka tlhokahalo ea ho fetola tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso. Mantsoe ana joale a batla hore ho tlosoe li-manifestos ho ea ts'ebetsong. Sena se etsahala khahlano le semelo sa liphetoho tsa phetoho mekhoeng eo lipatlisiso li etsoang le ho phatlalatsoa ka tsona. Ho phahama ha meralo ea lipatlisiso tse bulehileng le ea mecha ea litaba ea sechaba, phetoho ho mahlale a ikemiselitseng morero le a transdisciplinary, kholo ea tlhahlobo e bulehileng ea lithaka le monyetla oa phetoho ea bohlale ba maiketsetso (AI) le ho ithuta ka mochini ho hloka monahano o mocha mabapi le hore na lipatlisiso le bafuputsi ba hlahlojoa joang. .
Khahlanong le semelo sena, the Global Young Academy (GYA), e InterAcademy Partnership (IAP) le Lekhotla la Machabeng la Saense (ISC) ba kopane ho lekola litsekisano le nts'etsopele ea tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso lefats'eng ka bophara, ho hohela sehlopha sa bo-ramahlale le letoto la lipuisano tsa libaka. Mekhoa e mecha e ntse e ntlafatsoa le ho lekoa ke litsi tsa thuto e phahameng le bafani ba lichelete tsa lipatlisiso likarolong tse ling tsa lefats'e, 'me tse' maloa li kenyelelitsoe pampiring ena. Likarolong tse ling tsa lefats'e, likhang le liketso tsena li qala kapa ha li eo. Ka mekhoa ea lipatlisiso e fetohang ka litekanyetso tse fapaneng, ho na le kotsi ea ho arohana le ho arohana. Phapang e joalo e ka senya homogeneity e hlokahalang ho thusa tšebelisano-'moho ea lipatlisiso le ho nolofatsa motsamao oa bafuputsi ho pholletsa le libaka, makala le lithuto tse fapaneng. Leha ho le joalo, boholo bo le bong bo ke ke ba lekana kaofela 'me ho hlokahala boiteko bo shebaneng le maemo a ho fetola tlhahlobo, ho elelloa liphephetso tsa lehae.
Ka ho tsepamisitse maikutlo lipatlisisong tsa lefapha la sechaba le tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso le bafuputsi, pampiri ena ea lipuisano ke ea lefats'e ka bophara ho ea ka pono ea eona, e akaretsa lenaneo leo ka tloaelo le laoloang ke tsoelo-pele ea Europe le Amerika Leboea: maikutlo a libaka le mehlala ea tsoelo-pele ea naha le liphetoho tsa mekhatlo li teng. pepesitsoe. Litho tsa lefats'e le tse kopaneng tsa GYA, IAP le ISC li emela karolo e pharalletseng ea tikoloho ea lipatlisiso eo mesebetsi ea eona e fapaneng e ka tsamaisang phetoho ea 'nete ea tsamaiso. Pampiri ena e leka ho sebetsa e le khothatso bakeng sa GYA, IAP le ISC - e le sethala sa ho ithuta, liteko le boqapi - ho sebetsa le litho tsa bona, litsi tse ling tsa mahlale le mabatooa a bohlokoa lefats'eng ka bophara, ho qala le ho ntšetsa pele lipuisano, le ho bokella ho kenyeletsa. le ketso e kopanetsweng.
Litlhahiso bakeng sa GYA, IAP le ISC le litho tsa bona (bona karolo ea 5) li hlophisitsoe ho pota-pota mesebetsi ea bona e le babuelli, mehlala, baqapi, batšehetsi ba lichelete, baphatlalatsi, bahlahlobi le basebetsi-'moho, ka linako tse bontšang nako ea ho nka khato. Haholo-holo, liketso tsena li kenyelletsa ho theha sebaka sa ho arolelana lithuto le sephetho ho tsoa mererong e amehang ho fihlela joale (ea ho aha sechaba sa boikoetliso); ka nako e mahareng, ho kopanya liboka tsa batšehetsi ba bangata le mabatooa a bohlokoa ho rala bocha le ho kenya tšebetsong tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso ka mekhoa e ka khonehang, e shebaneng le maemo le e kenyeletsang; 'me, ka nako e telele, ho hlohlelletsa lithuto tse ncha tse kenyang letsoho monahanong oa bokamoso, ho nahanela tsoelopele e potlakileng ea mahlale a AI, mekhoa ea tlhahlobo ea lithaka le ntlafatso, le mecha ea litaba ea likhokahano.
selelekeleng
The Global Young Academy (GYA), InterAcademy Partnership (IAP) le Lekhotla la Machabeng la Saense (ISC) li kopane ka 2021 ho lekola liqholotso, litsekisano le nts'etsopele ea tlhahlobo / tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso lefats'eng ka bophara, ho pholletsa le litso le litsamaiso tse fapaneng tsa lipatlisiso, le ho lekola mekhoa eo ba ka nkang karolo ho eona le ho susumetsa ho nahanoa bocha ha tlhahlobo / tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso bakeng sa Lekholong la bo21 la lilemo, ka tsela e bulehileng le e kenyeletsang.
Sehlopha sa machaba sa scoping (Sehlomathiso sa A) se ile sa bokelloa ho hlahloba sebaka sena le ho eletsa mekhatlo e meraro ka moo e ka matlafatsang boiteko bo teng ba ho fetola tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso. Ntho e ka sehloohong ea mosebetsi ona e ne e le taba ea hore (1) morero o kopanetsoeng, o etelletsoeng pele ke bafuputsi, o tla fa sechaba sa lefats'e sa lipatlisiso lentsoe le matla ho theha bokamoso ba tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso le (2) ho na le melemo ea ho 'hlahloba le ba hlahlobiloeng'; ka hona, ho thusa ho rala tsela e lebisang phetohong e tsitsitseng, ea tsamaiso ea meetlo le litloaelo tsa tlhahlobo.
Ho tlatsetsa lipatlisiso tsa deske, letoto la lipuisano tsa libaka le litsebi tse khethiloeng ke sehlopha sa scoping le balekane li ile tsa etsoa ho elella bofelong ba 2021. Pampiri ea lipuisano ke sehlahisoa sa mantlha sa mosebetsi ona. E reretsoe ho sebetsa e le monyetla oa lipuisano tsa lipatlisiso le batho ba bangata ba amehang, eseng sechaba sa lefats'e sa lipatlisiso ka bosona.
1. Hobaneng ha tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso e hloka ho fetoloa
Mekhoa ea tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso e sebeletsa merero e mengata 'me e etsoa ke batho ba bangata ba amehang. Li sebelisetsoa ho hlahloba litlhahiso tsa lipatlisiso tsa liqeto tsa lichelete, lipampiri tsa lipatlisiso bakeng sa khatiso, bafuputsi ba ho hira kapa ho phahamisoa le ts'ebetso ea litsi tsa lipatlisiso le liunivesithi. Pampiri ena e tsepamisitse maikutlo haholo tlhahlobong ea bafuputsi le lipatlisiso, 'me ha e akaretse tlhahlobo ea mekhatlo kapa maemo, leha likarolo tsena kaofela tsa tlhahlobo li hokahane ka mokhoa o ke keng oa lekanngoa. Litloaelo tsa hajoale li itšetlehile haholo ka metrics ea bongata le e thehiloeng ho koranta, joalo ka Journal Impact Factor (JIF), palo ea likhatiso, palo ea mantsoe a qotsitsoeng, h-index le Article Influence Score (AIS). Lipalo tse ling li kenyelletsa sepheo sa lekeno la lithuso, litekanyo tsa ho kenya letsoho (joalo ka lichelete tsa lipatlisiso kapa boholo ba sehlopha sa lipatlisiso), palo ea litokelo tsa molao tse ngolisitsoeng le, morao tjena, metrics ea mecha ea litaba ea sechaba (eo pele e neng e le 'altmetrics') joalo ka likabelo tsa media oa sechaba kapa tse khoasollotsoeng. Ka kopanelo, metrics ena e na le tšusumetso e matla ea setheo, sehlopha sa lipatlisiso le botumo ba motho ka mong, merero ea lipatlisiso ea motho ka mong le e kopanetsoeng, litsela tsa mesebetsi le kabo ea lisebelisoa.
Lilemong tse mashome a mabeli tse fetileng, matsete a lefats'e a lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele (R&D) a imenne hararo - ho fihla ho USD 2 trillion ka selemo. Lilemong tse fetileng feela li tlisitse kholo e potlakileng ea litšenyehelo tsa R&D ho tloha bohareng ba bo-1980, e nyolohang ka 19% (UNESCO, 2021) [1]. Peeletso ena e eketsehileng lipatlisisong e tlisa moetlo oa boikarabello o behang khatello ho litsi tsa lipatlisiso le batho ka bomong, 'me o ka hlahisa liphapang, kapa likhothatso tse fosahetseng, ho arabela. E boetse e lebisitse ho litabatabelo tse kholo: ho boloka boleng le ho fokotsa litšila tsa lipatlisiso, liphoso le ho se sebetse hantle; holisa kenyelletso le mefuta-futa; ntlafatsa lipatlisiso e le molemo oa sechaba lefatšeng ka bophara; le ho khothaletsa lihlapiso tse bulehileng le tse sebetsang. Ntle le liphetoho, boleng ba lipatlisiso, botšepehi, mefuta-futa le ts'ebeliso li kotsing.
1.1 Ho boloka boleng ba lipatlisiso le ho sireletsa botšepehi ba lipatlisiso
Metrics ea bongata e ka ba karolo ea bohlokoa ea tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso, phetohong ea ho ea tsamaisong ea lipatlisiso e bulehileng haholoanyane, e ikarabellang le e shebaneng le sechaba (Royal Society, 2012) [2]. Empa karolo e 'ngoe ea bona e na le boikarabello ba ho hlohlelletsa moetlo oa lipatlisiso oa 'papatso kapa oa timela' o teng lefatšeng ka bophara, o nang le litlamorao tse mpe boleng ba sephetho sa lipatlisiso, botšepehi le ts'epahalo ea litsamaiso tsa lipatlisiso le mefuta e fapaneng ea lichaba tsa lipatlisiso (mohlala. Haustein le Larivière, 2014) [3]. Lebaka ke hore metrics e sebelisoa e le proxies bakeng sa boleng ba lipatlisiso ke litsi, baetsi ba melaoana le batšehetsi ba liphuputso ka ho tšoana, empa ke tekanyo ea sephetho eseng ea boleng ba lipatlisiso kapa phello e ngoe le e ngoe. Ka hona, batšoantšisi bana ba etsa ho hoholo ho beha maemo a bophelo le a setso moo lipatlisiso li etsahalang, 'me meputso ea thuto le lits'ebetso tsa thuto li theha khetho ea bo-ramahlale maemong ohle a mosebetsi oa bona.Macleod et al., 2014[4].
"Ts'ebeliso ea li-indices tsa bibliometric ... joalo ka metrics ea proxy bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea bafuputsi ke index e bonolo ea tlhahlobo empa e na le liphoso tse tebileng. Ba bangata ba tsepamisa maikutlo a bona ho katleho ea motho ka mong, ho fokotsa ts'ehetso ea lipatlisiso ka thahasello ea univesithi ho metrics e nang le tšusumetso e phahameng, ho hatella bohle ho 'tšoaea mabokose' le ho lumellana, athe ba bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho sotha 'maraka oa khatiso oa likoranta. Ho na le tlhokahalo e potlakileng ea liphetoho. ”
Ho bula Tlaleho ea Saense (2021), Lekhotla la Machabeng la Saense
Sechaba se seng se nang le seabo se nang le matla a maholo le tšusumetso holim'a puisano ea lipatlisiso le tlhahiso ea tsebo ke lekala la khatiso. Metrics e thehiloeng ho likoranta e fetohile khothatso e matla ea ho phatlalatsa likoranteng tsa khoebo 'me e ka susumetsa boitšoaro bo ka bang le litla-morao tse tebileng. Ho e-na le ho ahlola sephetho sa liphuputso mabapi le makhabane a eona a saense, ke boleng bo lemohuoang ba koranta eo e hatisoang ho eona e amoheloang ka mehla e le bopaki ba boleng ba saense, bo tsamaisang ’maraka oa khatiso oa khoebo o theiloeng botumong ho e-na le mahlaleng. Litšenyehelo tse bulehileng li hlahisoa haholo ke litefiso tsa ho sebetsana le mongoli (APCs): tsena li ka ba holimo haholo, haholo-holo likarolong tse ling tsa lefats'e, ho baka litšitiso ho phatlalatso ea lipatlisiso bakeng sa bafuputsi ba futsanehileng le ho beha kotsing ea ho robeha ha sechaba sa mahlale a machaba. Likotsi tsa ho itšetleha haholo ka bafani ba khoebo le lipehelo tsa bona tsa ts'ebeliso methating eohle ea ts'ebetso ea lipatlisiso li theha nyeoe e matla bakeng sa mekhoa e meng e sa etseng phaello. Ho feta moo, kaha matšoao a bibliometric a fane ka mohloli o ka sehloohong oa likhothatso liunivesithing, a fokolitse boleng ba thuto le mefuta e meng ea mosebetsi oa mahlale (joalo ka boeletsi le boeletsi ba maano). Ka litsamaiso tsa tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso tse ratang ho thusa ba fumanang lithuso tse kholo le ho hatisa likoranteng tse nang le tšusumetso e matla, ho na le bopaki bo bontšang hore bafuputsi ba seng ba atlehile ba na le monyetla oa ho atleha hape ('Matthew effect', Bol et al., 2018[5].
Ha khatiso ea litsebi e fetoha mokhoa oa tlhahlobo ho e-na le puisano, sena se senya ba khethang ho buisana ka lipatlisiso tsa bona ka litsela tse ling tse nang le moelelo (Tlaleho ea ISC ea 2021[6]. Sena se kenyelletsa liphetho tse tloaelehileng ('me ha ho pelaelo hore ke chelete e ka sehloohong) ea Global Young Academy (GYA), InterAcademy Partnership (IAP) le Lekhotla la Machaba la Saense (ISC): litlaleho, lipampiri tsa ts'ebetso, lipolelo tse kopanetsoeng, bahlophisi ba maikutlo, litaba le li-webinars. . Litaeo tse ling le tsona ha li na menyetla: mohlala, bafuputsi ba boenjiniere le saense ea k'homphieutha moo (hangata ka potlako) puisano ka likopano le lits'ebetso tsa bona li bohlokoa; le ba thutong ea botho le mahlale a kahisano bao hangata ba sebelisang monograph, libuka le limakasine tsa litsebi.
Ba bang ba khetha ho hatisa likoranteng tse khethehileng tsa lipatlisiso kapa tsa lehae, kapa ha ba khone ho phatlalatsa lipatlisiso tsa bona (leha ho le joalo boleng bo phahameng) likoranteng tse bulehileng tse nang le tšusumetso e phahameng (le li-APC tse phahameng tse lumellanang); ba morao-rao ba senya ba linaheng tse nang le chelete e tlaase, haholo-holo bafuputsi ba pele ba mosebetsi (ECRs). Bafuputsi bona bana ba tlas'a khatello e matla bakeng sa mesebetsi ea thuto e ntseng e le teng 'me boitšoaro ba bona bo laotsoe ka matla ke litekanyetso tse sebelisoang ke mekhatlo ea lithuso tsa lichelete le liboto tsa khiro le phahamiso. Moleko oa ho nahana ka matšoao (Muller le de Rijcke, 2017) [7], esita le 'papali' tsamaiso, ke ntho ea sebele ho bafuputsi bohle lefatšeng lohle (mohlala Ansede, 2023[8].
Lipontšo tsa papali ena li kenyelletsa bafuputsi (ka ho tseba kapa ka ho se tsebe) ba sebelisang likoranta le likopano ho matlafatsa palo ea bona ea likhatiso. (IAP, 2022 [9]; Elliott et al., 2022 [10]), ho ikakhela ka setotsoana le ho thetsa maikutlo a lithaka, ho qhekella, inflation le 'salami-slicing' (ho arola thuto e kholo e ka beng e tlalehiloe sehloohong se le seng sa lipatlisiso ka lihlooho tse nyenyane tse hatisitsoeng) (Colyer, 2019[11]. Tlas'a khatello, bafuputsi ba ka 'na ba lekeha ho sebelisa litšebeletso tsa bosholu ka sepheo se le seng feela sa ho fumana PhD ea bona, ho hiroa kapa ho phahamisoa mosebetsing, kapa ho tšehetsoa ka lichelete tsa merero ea bona ea lipatlisiso (mohlala. Abad-García, 2018 [12]; Omobowale et al., 2014[13]. Lithuto tse tsamaisoang ke Metrics le litsamaiso tsa khatiso tsa akatemi li tsamaisa likhothatso tse bolotsana: moo mofuputsi a hatisang ho bohlokoa ho feta seo ba se phatlalatsang.
Tšusumetso ho boleng le botšepehi ba lipatlisiso e ama haholo. Palo ea lingoloa tsa borutehi tse hlakotsoeng li eketsehile haholo lilemong tsa morao tjena, ka lebaka la boits'oaro bo bobe ba khatiso le liphatlalatso tse fosahetseng kapa tsa bomenemene. Likoranta li ka nka likhoeli ho isa ho lilemo ho hula lipatlisiso tse sa tšepahaleng, ka nako eo e kanna ea ba e se e boletsoe ka makhetlo a mangata mme e be sebakeng sa sechaba (Ordway, 2021[14].
1.2 Ho eketsa kenyelletso le mefuta-futa
Bohlokoa ba tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso tse tsamaellanang le litekanyetso ha bo na qea-qeo 'me ho na le mekhoa e fapaneng lefats'eng ka bophara ha ho tluoa ntlafatsong ea tlhahlobo, e leng kotsi e sieang likarolo tsa sechaba sa lipatlisiso morao. Tlhahlobisong ea eona ea maemo a lefats'e a tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso (Curry et al., 2020 [15]; e rometsoeng), ho bonahala eka litsi tse ngata tsa lipatlisiso le lichelete linaheng tse nang le chelete e ngata / libaka li qala ho kenyelletsa matšoao a mangata, joalo ka mehato ea boleng ba 'tšusumetso', ha bibliometrics e ntse e le eona e ka sehloohong mekhatlong ea 'Global South' [16 ], ho pholletsa le lithuto tsohle. Ntle le ts'ebetso e kenyeletsang, ho na le likotsi tsa ho fapana ha litsamaiso tsa tlhahlobo ea naha, tse ka 'nang tsa hlahisa leeme le leng le le leng la tsamaiso le ho se lumellane ho ka bang teng liphuputsong, tlhahlobong, licheleteng le tsamaisong ea khatiso. Sena, le sona, se ka thibela tšebelisano ea machaba ea lipatlisiso le motsamao oa bafuputsi. Ho theheng litšitiso tšebelisanong ea leboea le boroa, e kanna ea thibela ho matlafatsoa ha tikoloho ea lipatlisiso ho Global South - tlhahlobo e matla ea lipatlisiso e matlafatsa tikoloho ea lipatlisiso le ho e tšepa, e fokotsa monyetla oa ho putlama ha boko le ho thusa ho theha motse-moholo o matla oa batho bakeng sa nako e telele. ntshetsopele. Leha ho le joalo, mefuta e le 'ngoe ea se boleloang ke ts'ebetso e ntle e hlahisa mefuta ea boitšoaro e sa hlokeng bokhabane, toka, pepeneneng le kenyeletsong. Ho lekanya katleho ea litsebi tse atlehileng libakeng tse tšehetsang, tse nang le lisebelisoa tse ntle moo menyetla e leng ngata, ka tsela e tšoanang le ea ba loanneng le mathata le ho hlōla litšitiso libakeng tse tletseng bora le tse sa tšehetseng ke ntho e belaetsang ka ho fetisisa (GYA, 2022[17]. Litsebi tse ngata li ikutloa li qheleloa ka thoko historing le tikolohong ea batho ba etsang lipatlisiso, li susumetsoa haholo ke tsela eo li hlahlojoang ka eona mesebetsing eohle ea tsona. Ka ho qhelela ka thoko mefuta e meng ea lipatlisiso le ho hloleha ho sebelisa menahano e fapaneng lefatšeng ka bophara, ho na le kotsi ea hore litloaelo tsa hajoale tsa tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso li khothaletse setso se tloaelehileng / sa molateli sa mehlala e hlahelletseng ea naha ea Bophirima.
Bafuputsi ba linaheng tse nang le meputso e tlase le ba sa tsoa qala mosebetsi oa bona ba hloka lentsoe e le hore ba ka thusa ho theha mekhoa e mecha ea tlhahlobo ka litsela tse sa tsotelleng maemo tse loketseng morero le ho ikarabella bakeng sa mathata ao ba tobanang le ona letsatsi le letsatsi. motheo oa letsatsi. GYA le palo e ntseng e eketseha ea National Young Academies e fa ECRs lentsoe lena, le Sehlopha sa Tšebetso sa GYA mabapi le Bokhabane ba Saense [18] e fana ka maikutlo a eona mabapi le phetoho ea tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso (sheba mongolo o ka tlase).
Maikutlo a tsoang sechabeng sa bafuputsi ba pele ba mesebetsi
Bafuputsi ba pele ba mosebetsi (ECRs) ba amehile haholo ka mekhoa ea tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso hobane menyetla ea bona ea mosebetsi le ho phehella merero ea bona ea lipatlisiso li itšetlehile haholo ka hore na li hlahlojoa joang. Sena se tsebisa mekhoa ea ho fana ka lichelete, ho hira le ho phahamiswa ka litsela tseo ka linako tse ling li sa tsejoeng li le toka le ho lekana.
Le hoja ho hlakile hore liqeto tsa lichelete le mehloli ea batho li ama sebopeho sa basebetsi ba bafuputsi, hase kamehla ho hlokomeloang hore, ka phello ea eona ho lichelete, tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso e etsa litšusumetso bakeng sa mekhatlo le bafuputsi ho phehella mokhoa o itseng oa ho etsa lipatlisiso, mosebetsi. lebaleng le itseng kapa ho kopanya marangrang a mang hodima a mang. Ka tsela ena, tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso e bopa tsoelo-pele ea saense ka boeona, 'me sena ke' nete haholo-holo mabapi le phello e sa lekanyetsoang ho litebello le litebello tsa ECRs.
Leha saense e le khoebo ea lefats'e, litsebi tse ling li tobana le litšitiso tse phahameng tsa ho kena le ho ikopanya le sechaba sa lipatlisiso ka lebaka la moo li hlahetseng teng, boitsebiso ba bona kapa maemo a moruo oa sechaba. Ena ke taba ea tlhophiso ea indasteri ea mahlale eseng ea tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso ka bonngoe, empa li-ECR tse ngata li na le maikutlo a hore litekanyetso tsa tlhahlobo ha lia lokela ho iphapanyetsa 'nete ena ea boiphihlelo ba bafuputsi,' me ha ea lokela ho beha maemo a ts'oanang le a tloaelehileng maemong a fapaneng.
Lipatlisiso tse entsoeng ke Sehlopha sa Ts'ebetso sa Bokhabane ba Saense sa GYA (tlaleho e tlang) e bonts'a hore tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso e ka tsamaisoa haholo ke leano la lipatlisiso tsa naha ho feta lipuisano tsa setso kapa saense. E shebane le mekhoa ea ho phahamisetsoa ho ba boprofesa bo felletseng (kapa bo lekanang) lithutong tsa thuto, tlaleho e bonts'a hore maano le litsi tsa naha li na le litokomane tse ikhethileng tse hlalosang litekanyetso tsa bona tsa tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso. Ho e-na le ho akaretsa sete e kholo le e sa tšoaneng ea litekanyetso tse ka sebelisoang ho theha pono e pharaletseng ea mofuputsi, litokomane tsena li atisa ho lebisa tlhokomelo ho ntlha e le 'ngoe kapa ntho e tlang pele. Mohlala, litokomane tse ling li shebana le tlhahlobo ea mesebetsi ea ts'ebeletso ea mofuputsi (joalo ka ho ruta le ho fana ka tataiso) kapa tse ling mabapi le tlhahiso e bokelletsoeng ea mofuputsi (mohlala, ho latela palo ea lingoliloeng tsa koranta) - empa ka seoelo ka bobeli.
Ho na le litlamorao tse peli tsa mantlha tsa sephetho sena. Taba ea pele, tlhahlobo eo ea lipatlisiso ke ea maemo a holimo le holimo-tlase. Sena se baka kotsi, ho latela metrics le mekhoa ea boleng hangata e hlokomoloha mefuta-futa ea bafuputsi: ka semelo sa bona le litsela tsa bona tsa mosebetsi, 'me - ka mokhoa o ts'oanang - mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea mekhoa le mehopolo ea bona. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, li-ECR tse emetsoeng ho GYA li ikutloa hore ho tla ba bohlokoa ho lemoha mefuta-futa ea mesebetsi e hlokahalang bakeng sa khoebo ea lipatlisiso, le ho qapa merero ea tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso e khothalletsang phapang le bongata ho e-na le ho laela ho lumellana le ho nyalana.
Ea bobeli, liphapang pakeng tsa litloaelo ha li bohlokoa hakaalo ho feta liphapang ho latela maemo a moruo a linaha tseo mofuputsi a sebetsang ho tsona. Linaha tse nang le chelete e tlaase li bonahala li itšetlehile ka metrics ea bongata le moputso oa 'productivity', athe linaha tse nang le chelete e ngata li ntse li bulehile haholoanyane ho hlahloba boemo ba phello. Haeba phapang ena e ka tsoela pele ho ea pele, e ka ba tšitiso e 'ngoe hape ho motsamao oa machabeng oa litsebi - e leng bohlokoa haholo ho li-ECR.
Qetellong, tlaleho ea GYA e hatisa hore ha ho na bullet ea silevera: tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso e lokela ho lebisoa ho sepheo sa tlhahlobo, 'me qetellong lipakane tsa setheo kapa leano la lipatlisiso tsa naha. Tekolo e lokela ho lumella ho fapana ha litlaleho le mesebetsi ea bafuputsi, 'me e nke tsepamiso e fapaneng ho latela sepheo sa tlhahlobo. Saense e le puisano ea lefats'e le ea ho itlhokomela, tlhahlobo ea kantle e ka 'na ea se ke ea hlokahala kamehla. Ehlile, ts'ebeliso le boleng ba 'nete ba maemo a bohlasoa (a batho, mekhatlo, mabenkele kapa linaha kaofela) hangata ho phehisana khang.
1.3 Ho ntlafatsa lipatlisiso joalo ka molemong oa sechaba lefatšeng ka bophara
Liqholotso tsa kajeno tsa lefats'e, tseo bongata ba tsona li hlalositsoeng ho United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), li hloka lipatlisiso tse fetohang, tse fapaneng le tsa transdisciplinary, tseo ka botsona li hlokang mekhoa e mecha ea ho fana ka lipatlisiso le tšebelisano.ISC, 2021[19]. Ho potlaka ha lipatlisiso tse kenyeletsang, tse kenyang letsoho, tsa phetoho, tsa transdisciplinary ha li tsamaisane le hore na lipatlisiso li tšehetsoa joang, li hlahlojoa le ho tšehetsoa ka lichelete - bakeng sa lipatlisiso ho phethahatsa tšepiso ea eona ho sechaba, e hloka mekhoa ea tlhahlobo e bulehileng, e kenyeletsang, e nang le moelelo oa maemo (Gluckman, 2022) [20]. Boitšoaro bo kenelletseng ba barutehi, bafani ba lichelete le baphatlalatsi bo ka etsa hore phetoho e be thata, e le hore matsete a ka lebisoa hole le libaka tseo ho tsona ho nang le tlhokahalo e kholo.
Khōlo ea lipatlisiso tse fapaneng le tse fapaneng le saense ea ho kenya letsoho kapa ea baahi ke tsoelo-pele ea bohlokoa 'me e bohlokoa ho rarolla mathata a lefats'e. Ha lipatlisiso li ntse li phunyeletsa meeli ea khalemelo le ea mekhatlo 'me li kenyelletsa sehlopha se pharaletseng sa bankakarolo - ho kenyeletsoa le sechaba sa basebelisi ho kopanya lipotso tse potlakileng tsa lipatlisiso bakeng sa sechaba - mekhoa ea khale ea tlhahlobo ea thuto ea thuto ha ea lekana ebile e ka ba ea thibela nts'etsopele le ts'ebeliso ea lipatlisiso tsa transdisciplinary.Belcher et al., 2021) [21]. Melao-motheo le litekanyetso tse nepahetseng li hlokahala ho tataisa mekhoa ea lipatlisiso le tlhahlobo ea transdisciplinary: mohlala oa pele oa moralo oa tlhahlobo ea boleng o hahiloe ho pota-pota melao-motheo ea bohlokoa, botšepehi, ho nepahala le ts'ebeliso (Belcher et al., 2016[22].
1.4 Ho arabela lefats'eng le fetohang ka potlako
Litsela tseo lipatlisiso li rometsoeng, li tšehetsoang ka lichelete, li etsoang le ho phatlalatsoa ka tsona li ntse li tsoela pele ka lebelo 'me li hloka ho potlakisoa ha liphetoho tsa tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso. Li kenyelletsa tse latelang:
(1) Phetoho ea ho bula saense
Motsamao o bulehileng oa mahlale o hloka phetoho e ts'oanang ea litsamaiso tsa tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso ho ntlafatsa ho buleha le ponaletso. Bongata ba metrics le matšoao a sebelisoang ho lekanya ts'ebetso ea lipatlisiso ka botsona ha bo bonahale ebile hangata bo baloa ka mor'a mamati a koetsoeng a khoebo. Ho hloka pepenene hona ho beha boikemelo ba sechaba sa bafuputsi kotsing - ho thibela mekhoa ea ho hlahloba, ho hlahloba, ho netefatsa le ho ntlafatsa matšoao a lipatlisiso (Wilsdon et al., 2015 [23]). Tlhahlobo ea liphuputso e nang le boikarabelo e fetoha karolo ea mantlha ea mehato ea lefats'e e lebisang ho saense e bulehileng, joalokaha ho pakiloe, mohlala, Khothatsong ea Mokhatlo oa Machaba a Kopaneng oa Thuto, Saense le Setso (UNESCO) mabapi le Open Science (UNESCO, 2021 [24]) - e kenyeletsang nts'etsopele ea Open Science Toolkit bakeng sa litho tsa eona ho ba thusa ho hlahloba le ho fetola litekanyetso tsa bona tsa mosebetsi oa lipatlisiso le litekanyetso tsa tlhahlobo [25].
(2) Lintlafatso tsa tlhahlobo ea lithaka
Khōlo ea tlhahlobo ea lithaka e bulehileng - ebang e phatlalatsa litlaleho tsa tlhahlobo ea lithaka le / kapa boitsebiso ba sechaba ba bahlahlobi - ke tsoelo-pele ea bohlokoa bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso (Barroga, 2020 [26]; Woods et al., 2022 [27]). Khōlo ea lisebelisoa tsa data e nolofalelitse baphatlalatsi ho hlahisa Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) bakeng sa litlaleho tsa tlhahlobo ea lithaka, ho hokahanya litlaleho tsa tlhahlobo ea lithaka ho li-ID tsa Open Researcher and Contributor ID (ORCIDs) le ho phatlalatsa lipampiri e le likhatiso tsa pele. Palo ea li-preprints e ile ea hola haholo nakong ea seoa sa lefats'e sa COVID mme ea pepesa liqholotso tse hlahisitsoeng ho lekola lipatlisiso ka mokhoa o potlakileng oa karabelo. Leha ho le joalo, mekhoa e bulehileng ea ho hlahloba lithaka - ebang ke ea pele kapa ea morao-rao - e ka thusa ho senya taolo ea baphatlalatsi ba khoebo ba nang le puisano ea lipatlisiso le mekhoa ea tlhahiso ea tsebo, ho fokotsa matla a koranta ea saense le metrics e amanang le eona joalo ka JIFs. Litlaleho tse bulehileng tsa mesebetsi ea ho hlahloba lithaka li ka boela tsa fana ka mekhoa ea motheo ea ho ngola - 'me ha nako e ntse e ea ho hlahisa boleng bo bongata - mesebetsi ea ho hlahloba lithaka, e leng tšebeletso ea bohlokoa ea litsebi hangata e sa bonahaleng le e sa ananeloeng ka har'a liteko tsa thuto (Kaltenbrunner et al., 2022 [28]).
(3) Ts'ebeliso ea bohlale ba maiketsetso le thuto ea mochini
Khatelo-pele ea mahlale a mahlale a maiketsetso (AI) le ho ithuta ka mochini e kanna ea ba le litlamorao tse tebileng bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso, ho kenyeletsoa le mekhoa ea tlhahlobo ea lithaka e e tšehetsang (mohlala. Holm et al., 2022 [29]; Proctor et al., 2020 [30]). AI e se e ntse e sebelisoa ho fokotsa le ho matlafatsa tlhahlobo ea lithaka (Tlhaho, 2015 [31]; Tlhaho, 2022 [32]), leka boleng ba tlhahlobo ea lithaka (Severin et al., 2022 [33]), leka boleng ba mantsoe a qotsitsoeng (Gadd, 2020 [34]), lemoha bosholu (Foltýnek et al., 2020 [35]), tšoasa lintlha tsa bongaka ba bafuputsi (Quach, 2022 [36]) le ho fumana bahlahlobisisi ba lithaka, ba ntseng ba haella haholo hobane mosebetsi ona ha o fumane tlotla e lokeloang ke tlhahlobo ea mofuputsi. 'Conversal AI', joalo ka ChatGPT (Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer), e na le bokhoni ba ho rala liteko, ho ngola le ho tlatsa libuka tse ngotsoeng ka letsoho, ho etsa tlhahlobo ea lithaka le ho tšehetsa liqeto tsa bahlophisi ho amohela kapa ho hana libuka tse ngotsoeng ka letsoho.Tlhaho, 2023 [37]). Hape ho na le monyetla oa hore AI e ntlafatse katleho ea tlhahlobo ea lithaka ka ho sebelisa li-algorithms ho fokotsa moroalo oa bahlahlobi ba lithaka e le baahloli ba tlhahiso ea lipatlisiso (Tlhaho, 2022 ). Tšebeliso ea AI e se e ntse e lekoa Chaena ho fumana baahloli (Tlhaho, 2019 [39].
Likopo tsena kaofela tsa AI li ka fokotsa moroalo ona mme tsa lumella litsebi tse nang le boiphihlelo ho tsepamisa maikutlo a tsona ho boleng ba lipatlisiso le litlhahlobo tse rarahaneng.Thelwall, 2022 [40]). Empa ba boetse ba ipeha kotsing ea ho jala leeme hobane ke mahlale a ho bolela esale pele a tiisang lintlha tse teng tse ka bang leeme (mohlala ka bong, bochaba, morabe kapa lilemo): ehlile, ts'ebeliso ea AI ka boeona e ka rua molemo ka kutloisiso e tebileng ea se boleloang ke 'boleng. 'patlisiso (Chomsky et al., 2023 [41]; ISI, 2022 [42].
Habohlokoa, leha ho le joalo, mefuta eohle ea AI le ho ithuta ka mochini li bulehetse tlhekefetso (Blauth et al., 2022 [43]; Bengio, 2019 [44]). Baahi ba thuto le lipatlisiso ba tla hloka ho aha boitokiso le mamello ho sena, ho sebetsa le mmuso, indasteri le boetapele ba mekhatlo ea sechaba bo laolang sebaka sena.
(4) Ho phahama ha mecha ea litaba ea sechaba
Mehato e tloaelehileng ea palo ea phello ea lipatlisiso e hloleha ho ikarabella bakeng sa keketseho ea likamano tsa litaba tsa sechaba le bafuputsi / barutehi ba marang-rang (Jordane, 2022 [45]). Barutehi ba bangata ba sebelisa liforomo tsa mecha ea litaba ea sechaba ho kopanya sechaba, baetsi ba melaoana le batho ho pholletsa le bophelo bohle ba morero oa bona oa lipatlisiso; ho sebelisana le bona, ho leka le ho tsebisa lipatlisiso tsa bona, le ho tlisa menahano le likenyelletso tse fapaneng, ho e-na le ho phatlalatsa sephetho sa ho qetela e le tlatsetso e felletseng bakeng sa bamameli ba moamoheli. Boitlamo bona ha bo amoheloe ke mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso empa bo ka lebisa menyetlang e batsi ea ho ba le tšusumetso le ho fana ka litaba. Metrics ea litaba tsa sechaba ('altmetrics') e ntse e ntlafatsoa e le tlatsetso ho metrics e ikarabellang (Wouters et al., 2019 [4]) 'me u kenye lipolelo tsa Twitter kapa Facebook le palo ea balateli ho ResearchGate, mohlala. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, li-altmetrics tsena li ka thusa ho bula, ho theha sebaka le ho atolosa tlhahlobo (Rafols le Stirling, 2021 [47]) empa ka lehlakoreng le leng - joalo ka lits'oants'o tse ling - le tsona li ka sebelisoa ka mokhoa o sa tsotelleng le / kapa ho bonoa ho beha lera le leng la metric lits'ebetsong tsa tlhahlobo.
2. Liqholotso tsa ntlafatso ea tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso
Liphephetso mabapi le tokiso ea tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso li ngata. Ho bontšitsoe tse seng kae tsa tse bohlokoahali mona.
Phetoho efe kapa efe e kenyelletsang mehato e mengata ea boleng e tlameha - ka nako e ts'oanang - ho sireletsa boleng ba lipatlisiso tsa mantlha le tse sebelisoang. Ho na le bopaki bo hlakileng ba hore bo-ramahlale ba bang ka bobona ba ka hanana le phetoho, mohlomong haholo-holo bafuputsi ba tsoetseng pele ba atlehileng tsamaisong ea hajoale, hobane ba tšaba hore e ka baka kotsi ea ho etsa lipatlisiso tse fokolang, kapa hore mefuta e mengata ea tlhahlobo e ka sebelisoa ho feta lipatlisiso tsa mantlha. Phetoho ea mekhoa ea tlhahlobo ea liphuputso e batla e hlophisoa molemong oa lipatlisiso tse amanang le morero, tse nang le tšusumetso sechabeng tse ipiletsang ho tšehetso ea sechaba le ea lipolotiki ka tsela eo lipatlisiso tse sa bonahaleng tsa motheo kapa tsa leholimo le leputsoa li ke keng tsa etsa joalo. Ba bang ba pheha khang ea hore tlhaloso e hlakileng haholoanyane ea 'boleng' ea lipatlisiso e ea hlokahala ho tšehetsa boqapi, kaha bokamoso bo hloka hore ho be le matsete a tsoelang pele liphuputsong tsa mantlha, tse susumetsoang ke bohelehele le kananelo e pharalletseng ea karolo ea bohlokoa eo e e bapalang molemong oa ho arabela liqholotso tsa lefats'e.GYA, 2022 [48].
Ho hloka botsitso moelelong le tšebelisong ea mantsoe a lipatlisiso, ka kakaretso, ke tšitiso ea phetoho. Moralo oa mohopolo oa tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso ha oa fetoha haholo ha nako e ntse e ea, leha e le hore puo e e tšehetsang: mokhoa oa ho etsa lipatlisiso o ntse o khomaretse li-dichotomies tsa khale joalo ka saense ea 'motheo' le 'e sebelisitsoeng', le mantsoe a kang 'tšusumetso', 'boleng' (li lekanngoa ka mokhoa o sa thuseng le tlhahiso) le 'bokhabane' ha li hlalosoe ka ho hlaka ka tsela e qobang khethollo ea libaka, taeo, mosebetsi le leeme la bong. (Jong et al., 2021 [49]): Sena se kanna sa ba thata haholo liphanele tsa ho etsa liqeto tse hlokang mefuta e fapaneng (Hatch le Curry, 2020 [50].
Joalo ka tlhahlobo e tsamaisoang ke metrics, mefuta e meng ea tlhahlobo ea boleng le eona ha e ea phethahala. Ho etsa khang ea hore lits'ebetso tsa tlhahlobo ea lithaka le kahlolo ea litsebi bonyane li bohlokoa joalo ka ha bibliometrics ha e otlolohe. Li ka ba leeme ka lebaka la khaello ea ho hlaka le pepeneneng ts'ebetsong ea tlhahlobo ea lithaka. Ka mohlala, likomiti tsa tlhahlobo ea lithaka li 'nile tsa nyatsoa e le mekhoa e bolokang matla le tokelo ka ho nolofalletsa 'marang-rang a bashanyana' le homophily (bahlahlobisisi ba batlang ba tšoanang le bona) hore ba tsoele pele, ha ba ntse ba le kotsing ea ho nahana ka lihlopha. Maemo a mangata, leha a sa phethahala, a bonoa likarolong tse ling tsa lefats'e e le tšireletso khahlano le leeme le leeme. Likhang tse tšoanang li ka sebelisoa tlhahlobisong ea lithaka tsa lipampiri tsa lipatlisiso, ka tšebeliso ea tlhahlobo ea boleng bo bongata e ka bulang monyako oa mekhoa e meng ea boits'oaro ba khethollo.
Khaello ea kananelo ea profeshenale, le koetliso ea, tlhahlobo ea lithaka ka mokhoa o fe kapa o fe, e baka litšitiso tsa ho sebetsa joalo ka mohlahlobi oa lithaka, ka hona ho fokotsa bokhoni. Ho feta moo, ha tlhokeho e feta phepelo, e ka theha khothatso ea ho fokotsa likhutlo le ho fokotsa boima. Ho eketsa pepeneneng mabapi le tlhahlobo ea lithaka (ho sa tsotellehe hore na e bulehile ka ho feletseng, e sa tsejoe kapa e kopane) le koetliso, mokhoa o motle oa ho hlahloba lithaka o hlokahalang; joalo ka lipatlisiso tse ling mabapi le mehlala ea ho iphetola ha eona ha liphetho tsa lipatlisiso li fapana (IAP, 2022 [51]) le theknoloji ea AI e tsoela pele.
Likhohlano mabapi le phetoho ea tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso li rarahane ebile ha li kopane. Boitsebiso ba boleng le bo bongata bo 'nile ba kopanngoa maemong a tlhahlobo ea lithaka: lipolelo tse kang Leiden Manifesto bakeng sa Metrics ea Lipatlisiso (Hicks et al., 2015 [52]) ho letsetsa 'tlhahlobo ea lithaka e nang le tsebo' moo kahlolo ea litsebi e tšehetsoang - empa e sa etelloe ke - matšoao a khethiloeng ka nepo le a hlalosoang le ka tlhaiso-leseling ea boleng. Phehisano mabapi le tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso ha se khetho ea binary ea 'qualitative vs quantitative' ea lisebelisoa tsa tlhahlobo, empa mokhoa oa ho netefatsa motsoako o motle oa mefuta e mengata ea tlhahisoleseding.
Qetellong, phetoho leha e le efe e tlameha ho ba e loketseng le e ka khonehang. Sistimi ea lipatlisiso e se e ntse e bonts'a matšoao a ho putlama ka tlasa eona, ha palo ea likhatiso e nyoloha ka sekhahla mme moroalo oa tlhahlobo o theoha ka mokhoa o sa leka-lekaneng khoebong ea lipatlisiso (mohlala. Publons, 2018 [53]; Kovanis et al., 2016 [54]; Tlhaho, 2023 [55]). Metrics e thehiloeng ho likoranta le h-index, hammoho le maikutlo a boleng ba botumo ba mohatisi le botumo ba setsi, li ka fana ka likhutšoane tse bonolo bakeng sa bahlahlobisisi ba phathahaneng le litšitiso tse teng ho fetoha tse metseng ka metso tlhahlobong ea thuto (Hatch le Curry, 2020 [56]). Linaheng tse ling, lipalo tsa lipalo li thoholetsoa e le litsela tse hlakileng le tse hlakileng bakeng sa ho hira batho le ho phahamisoa. Naheng ea 'Global South', lintlha tse tloaelehileng tsa tšusumetso li sebelisoa khafetsa ho etsa lethathamo la bakopi, 'me mokhoa ofe kapa ofe o tlameha ho kengoa tšebetsong ka ho lekana 'me o khone ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tse ling tse hlokahalang ho atolosa sebaka sa tlhahlobo. Bonolo ba ho sebelisa metrics e bonolo ea palo tlhahlobong ea lipatlisiso e kanna ea ba tšitiso e kholo bakeng sa phetoho, 'me ho hlahisoa ha litsamaiso tse ncha tsa tlhahlobo ho ka ba ha baka ho se lekane lefatšeng ka bophara ka lebaka la khaello ea bokhoni kapa bokhoni linaheng tse ling.
3. Boiteko bo matla ba ho fetola tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso
Lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng, ho bile le letoto la li-manifesto le melao-motheo ea boemo bo holimo mabapi le tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso ho rarolla mathata ana, ho kenyeletsa Leiden Manifesto (e entsoeng ke sehlopha sa litsebi tsa machaba), Melao-motheo ea Hong Kong (Moher et al., 2020 [57]) (e ntlafalitsoeng Sebokeng sa Lefatše sa bo6 sa Botšepehi ba Lipatlisiso ka 2019) le Boemo ba Metric Tide [58] le Ho kopanya Metric Tide [59] litlaleho (tse ntlafalitsoeng molemong oa tlhahlobo ea moralo oa lipatlisiso le tlhahlobo oa UK, REF). Bonyane ho na le matsapa a ikhethileng a 15 a khothaletsang bankakarolo ba bohlokoa - ebang ke baetsi ba melaoana, batšehetsi ka lichelete kapa lihlooho tsa litsi tsa thuto e phahameng (li-HEI) - ho fokotsa kotsi e ka bang teng ea litsamaiso tsa hajoale tsa tlhahlobo. Maiteko ana kaofela a fihletse batho ba bangata 'me a ntse a tsoela pele ho tsepamisa maikutlo a bona ho metrics e nang le boikarabelo e le tlhokahalo ea ho ntlafatsa setso sa lipatlisiso le ho tlisa tekano, mefuta-futa, kenyelletso le ho ba karolo ea sechaba sa lipatlisiso. Empa ho na le ngongoreho e ntseng e hola ho tsoa ho baetsi ba meralo ea merero ena ea hore, le hoja e thusa, e sitisa ketso e bonahalang e sebetsang: ketso ea ho ba motho ea saenang e sebetsa feela haeba e lateloa ka ts'ebetsong e sebetsang (Tlhaho, 2022 [60].
Ho na le ts'ehetso e ntseng e eketseha bakeng sa 'tekolo e nang le boikarabelo kapa tlhahlobo' le 'metrics e ikarabellang' (DORA, 2012 [61]; Hick et al. 2015 [62]; Wilsdon et al., 2015) tse tlohang ho metrics ea palo feela ho ea ho mehato e mengata e fapaneng e fapaneng ho nolofalletsa bafuputsi ho hlalosa phello ea moruo, sechaba, setso, tikoloho le leano la lipatlisiso tsa bona; ho ikarabella bakeng sa litaba tsa boleng ba sechaba sa bafuputsi: 'data for good' kapa 'lipontšo tse etelletsoeng pele ke boleng' tse sebetsanang le litšobotsi tse pharaletseng (Curry et al., 2022 [63]). Lilemong tsa morao tjena, mekhoa e mecha le e tsoelang pele ea tlhahlobo ea liphuputso e nang le boikarabelo e ntlafalitsoe le ho lekoa ke li-HEI tse ling le batšehetsi ba liphuputso libakeng le linaheng ho pota lefatše. Tse ling li totobalitsoe mona.
3.1 Li-manifestos tsa lefats'e, melao-motheo le litloaelo
Har'a matsapa a lefats'e a boletsoeng ka holimo, San Francisco ea 2013 '.Phatlalatso ka Tlhahlobo ea Lipatlisiso' [64] (DORA) mohlomong ke boikitlaetso bo sebetsang ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng ka bophara. E thathamisitse mathata a bakoang ke ho sebelisa matšoao a thehiloeng ho koranta ho lekola ts'ebetso ea bafuputsi ka bomong mme e fana ka likhothaletso tse 18 ho ntlafatsa tlhahlobo e joalo. DORA ha e khothalletse tšebeliso ea metrics e thehiloeng ho jenale ho lekola tlatsetso ea mofuputsi kapa ha e batla ho hira, ho phahamisa kapa ho tšehetsa lichelete. Ho tloha bohareng ba April 2023, phatlalatso e se e saennoe ke ba saenneng ba 23,059 (litheo le batho ka bomong) linaheng tse 160, ba ikemiselitseng ho fetola. Ka ho tsepamisitse maikutlo ho tsamaiseng liphephetso tsa mantlha le leeme la tlhaho la tlhahlobo ea boleng, DORA e ntse e nts'etsapele. Lisebelisoa tsa ho Ntšetsa Pele Tlhahlobo ea Lipatlisiso (TARA) [65] ho thusa ho kenya phatlalatso ts'ebetsong: lisebelisoa tsena li kenyelletsa dashboard ho index le ho hlophisa maano le litloaelo tse ncha tlhahlobong ea mosebetsi le sephutheloana sa lisebelisoa ho thusa ho hlophisoa ha komiti le ho lemoha mefuta e fapaneng, ea boleng ba phello ea lipatlisiso.
Ho feta moo, DORA e tšehetsa merero e leshome - naheng ea Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Colombia (2), India, Japan, Netherlands, Uganda le Venezuela - ho leka mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho khothaletsa ntlafatso ea tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso maemong a bona a lehae, hammoho le ho bokella mehlala ya tshebetso e ntle: mohlala, ho phahamisa tlhokomeliso, ho hlahisa leano le lecha kapa tloaelo, koetliso le tataiso e sebetsang bakeng sa bakopi ba mosebetsi (DORA [66]). Tlhokahalo ea lithuso tsa mofuta ona e phahame - ho feta bakopi ba 55 ba tsoang linaheng tse 29 - ho bonts'a kananelo e ntseng e hola ea tlhoko ea ntlafatso.
Mekhatlo ea botsamaisi ba lipatlisiso joalo ka International Network of Research Management Societies (INORMS) le eona e ntse e nts'etsapele lisebelisoa ho tataisa phetoho ea mokhatlo, ho kenyeletsoa le Sehlopha sa Tlhahlobo ea Lipatlisiso tsa SCOPE Framework | INORMS - Moralo oa INORMS SCOPE bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso [67] e qalang ka ho hlalosa seo e leng sa boleng, se sekasekiwang le hobaneng Mona [68].
Lekala la ntlafatso ea machaba le fane ka maikutlo a macha mabapi le tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso, mohlala o ka sehloohong ke Boleng ba Patlisiso Plus | IDRC - Setsi sa Lipatlisiso sa Nts'etsopele ea Machabeng [69], e lekanyang se bohlokoa ho batho qetellong ea lipatlisiso. Sesebediswa sa Research Quality Plus (RQ+) se lemoha hore boleng ba saense bo a hlokahala empa ha bo a lekana, ka ho ananela karolo ya bohlokwa ya setjhaba sa basebedisi ho bona hore na dipatlisiso di nepahetse kapa ke tse molaong. E boetse e hlokomela hore ntlafatso ea lipatlisiso le tšusumetso li qala nakong ea ts'ebetso ea lipatlisiso. Hangata likopo tsa lipatlisiso li hlahlojoa ke lihlopha tse fapaneng tsa thuto e phahameng, tse nang le litsebi tsa nts'etsopele tse tsoang linaheng tse ling (mohlala, lefapha la mmuso kapa mekhatlo e ikemetseng (NGO)), litsebi le baemeli ba naha: sena se tiisa bohlokoa ba sechaba sa basebelisi / litsebi tseo e seng tsa thuto. ho hloka ho utloisisa lipatlisiso le hore na li ka sebelisoa joang ts'ebetsong. Lipatlisiso tsa maemo a thata, a chelete e tlaase kapa a fokolang a ka tsamaellana le sephutheloana sa melao ea boitšoaro kapa moralo, o etselitsoeng ho tsebisa le ho tšehetsa liqeto tsa boitšoaro bophelong ba lipatlisiso, ho tloha qalong ho isa phatlalatsong le tšusumetsong, mohlala. Reid et al., 2019 [70]. Mekhoa ea 'Khopolo ea Phetoho' e sebelisoa haholo liphuputsong tsa nts'etsopele ea machaba ke bafani, mekhatlo e ikemetseng le mekhatlo ea linaha tse ngata, moo bakopi ba tlamehang ho hlalosa litsela tsa ho ba le tšusumetso, ba tšehetsoeng ke tlhokomelo, tlhahlobo le mekhoa ea ho ithuta, mohlala. Valters, 2014 [71]. Sechaba sa bafuputsi ba thuto se ka ithuta ho tsoa sechabeng sa nts'etsopele.
Ka ho hlokomela karolo ea bafani ba lichelete ho bopeng maqheka a li-HEIs, the Tekolo ea Boikarabello ea Lipatlisiso ea Lekhotla la Lefatše la Lipatlisiso (GRC). (RRA) morero [72] esale e khothaletsa batšehetsi ba lichelete ba ka sehloohong lefats'eng ka bophara ho sebeletsa litabatabelo tsa RRA maemong a bona a tikoloho le a naha le ho theha moralo o sebetsang oa tlhahlobo ho lekola phello (video e hlalosang. Mona [73]). Ho hlahisa pampiri e sebetsang ho RRA (Curry et al., 2020 [74]), GRC e ile ea kopa litho tsa eona ho kenya melao-motheo ea RRA le ho nka khato e tiileng ho e phethahatsa, le ho ithuta ho e mong ka tšebelisano-'moho le ho arolelana mekhoa e metle. An sehlopha sa basebetsi ba machaba [75] e fana ka tataiso le ts'ehetso ho litho tsa GRC, ho li thusa ho tloha motsamaong ho ea ts'ebetsong.
Karolong e kholo ka boiteko ba GYA, li-ECR le tsona li se li qala ho bokellana ho potoloha lenaneo lena. Ea eona Sehlopha sa Tšebetso sa Bokhabane ba Saense [76] e sebetsa ho hloaea maemo a lipatlisiso a loketseng 'ho hlahisa bohelehele le boiqapelo ho mahlale le ho khothaletsa nts'etsopele ea bokhoni ba batho ka ho fapana le ho kenyelletsa'. Mosebetsi oa bona o hloka hore sechaba sa ECR se phephetse litlhaloso tsa 'bokhabane' bo sebelisoang ke mekhatlo ea bona, ho kenya letsoho mererong ea ho fetola tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso le ho kenela mokhatlo oa Young Academies. E boetse e ipiletsa ho mekhatlo ea lichelete le ho hira ho kenyelletsa ECRs lipuisanong tsa tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso le ho ananela mefuta e mengata e fapaneng ea liphallelo, le mesebetsi ea lipatlisiso.
Leha liunivesithi tse ling le li-HEI tse ling li saena DORA le/kapa ho kenela mokhatlo oa Europe (o hlalositsoeng ka tlase), ha ho bonahale li itlhophisa ka kopanelo mabapi le tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso ka tsela eo mabatooa a mang a bohlokoa a leng ka teng.
3.2 Maikutlo a libaka le lintlafatso
Mathata a hlahisoang ke litsamaiso tsa tlhahlobo tse batlang li le ngata haholo li bonoa 'me li fumanoa ka pono ea 'Global North', 'Global South' e kotsing ea ho bapala. Kotsing ea ho feta-kakaretso, ho na le litaba tse kholo tsa tsamaiso 'Global North' mabapi le khaello ea mefuta-futa, tekano le kenyelletso e mpefatsoang ke mekhoa ea tlhahlobo. Ho 'Global South', ho na le khaello ea tlhaloso ea lehae le ea libaka ea se boleloang ke 'boleng' le 'tšusumetso', mekhoa ea tlhahlobo e fapaneng haholo (esita le mafapha a univesithing e le 'ngoe),' me e batla e fokola ka tsela ea phephetso. boemo bo teng. Lefats'eng ka bophara, mathata a bakoa ke ho toboketsoa ho feteletseng ha matšoao a palo, kamano pakeng tsa tlhahlobo le kabo ea lisebelisuoa, tsamaiso ea lichelete e nang le tlhōlisano e phahameng le khatello ea ho phatlalatsa, le ho se natse litekanyo tse ling, tse fokolang haholo tsa lipatlisiso le bophelo ba thuto.
Lingoliloeng tse hlahlojoang ke lithaka tse mabapi le liphuputso tsa papiso ea ntlafatso ea tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso li fokola. Ntho e sa tloaelehang ke papiso ea mehato ea tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso libakeng tse tšeletseng tse fapaneng (Australia, Canada, Jeremane, Hong Kong, New Zealand le UK), e hlokomelang hore ts'ebetso e bonts'itsoeng ea bohle ba tšeletseng e bonahala e ntlafala ka mor'a mefuta e mengata ea ho kenella (bonyane. ho sebelisa matšoao a tloaelehileng a bibliometric) (ISI, 2022 [77]). DORA e fana ka liphuputso (haholo-holo tsa mekhatlo) leqepheng la eona la marang-rang (DORA [78]) le tlalehong (DORA, 2021 [79]) e etselitsoe ho susumetsa ba bang ho nka khato, empa ena ke mehlala ea Europe haholo.
Mona, bangoli ba fana ka litlhaloso tsa libaka le mehlala ea naha ea liteko le liphetoho bakeng sa temohisiso e eketsehileng - tsena ha lia rereloa ho ba tse felletseng kapa tse felletseng.
3.2.1 Europe
The EU Coalition on Reforming Research Assessment [80], kapa CoARA, e amohetsoeng ka Phupu 2022, ke mohato o moholohali oa ntlafatso ea tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso lefatšeng. Lilemo tse 'nè ha ho etsoa le ho ntlafatsoa ke mekhatlo ea 350 linaheng tse 40 (haholo-holo tsa Europe), European University Association le Science Europe (marang-rang a bafani ba lichelete tsa mahlale a k'honthinente le likolo), ka kopano le Komisi ea Europe, ba ntlafalitse tumellano kapa ea melao-motheo (a 'leeto la phetoho'), bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso e kenyeletsang le e ikarabellang (CoARA, 2022 [81]). Tumellano e tsepamisitse maikutlo holim'a maemo a mararo a tlhahlobo: litsi, bafuputsi ka bomong le lipatlisiso ka botsona. Le ha e ntse e busoa ke balekane ba Europe, koporasi e na le litabatabelo tsa ho ba lefats'e mme ka bobeli DORA le GYA li se li saena. Batho ba saenneng ba itlama ho fana ka lisebelisoa ho ntlafatsa tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso, ho hlahisa mekhoa e mecha le lisebelisoa tsa tlhahlobo, le ho hlokomelisa le ho fana ka koetliso mabapi le tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso (mohlala, ho bahlahlobi ba lithaka). Tsoelo-pele ena e hlalositsoe e le 'pontšo e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea phetoho ea sebele' (Tlhaho, 2022 [82]).
EU e boetse e tšehetsa ka lichelete matsapa a macha a thabisang a reretsoeng ho tšehetsa phetoho ea tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso: haholo-holo, Open and Universal Science (Opus [83]) - ho nts'etsapele 'sehlopha se felletseng' sa matšoao ho pholletsa le lits'ebetso tse ngata tsa lipatlisiso le liphetho, 'me ka hona ho khothaletsa bafuputsi ba Europe ho sebelisa mahlale a bulehileng - le sebaka sa data se bulehileng sa tlhahlobo ea mahlale. GraspOS [84] - ho aha sebaka sa data se bulehileng ho ts'ehetsa phetoho ea leano bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso.
European Research Council (ERC), e ts'ehetsang lipatlisiso tsa moeli mafapheng ohle (ka tekanyetso ea li-euro tse limilione tse likete tse 16 bakeng sa 2021-2027) e saenetse CoARA mme e fetotse liforomo tsa eona tsa tlhahlobo le lits'ebetso ho aha litlhalosong tse ling tsa nalane, ho kenyeletsoa le boikarabello ba chelete e nyane. mekhoa e tloahelehileng ea mesebetsi le 'menehelo e ikhethang' ho sechaba sa lipatlisiso. Litlhahiso li tla ahloloa haholo ka boleng ba tsona ho feta katleho ea nakong e fetileng ea mokopi 'me li tla tsoelapele ho hlahlojoa ke liphanele tsa tlhahlobo ea lithaka tse entsoeng ke litsebi tse etelletseng pele tse sebelisang mokhoa o le mong oa bokhabane ba mahlale (ERC, 2022 [85]).
Likolo tse ling tsa Europe le tsona li tšoarehile. Boto ea ALLEA [86], European Federation of Academies of Sciences and Humanities, e emelang likolo tse robong tsa 50-plus tsa naha linaheng tse 40 tsa Europe, e amohetse mokhatlo oa CoARA. ALLEA e ikemiseditse ho theha sehlopha sa mosebetsi se inehetseng ho bokella, ho fapanyetsana le ho khothaletsa mekhoa e metle ea ho amohela Sekolo se secha. Fellows le ho kenya letsoho 'phapanyetsanong e nang le morero ea setso' ea tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso, e thehiloeng holim'a melao-motheo ea boleng, botšepehi, mefuta-futa le bolokolohi. Ho eona Tlhaloso ea la 2022 October , ALLEA e kopa litsi tsa likalimo tsa litho ho etsa tse latelang:
1. Lemoha mefuta e fapaneng ea litlatsetso, le mesebetsi ea lipatlisiso, ho latela litlhoko le mofuta oa lipatlisiso; tabeng ea basebetsi-'moho le sekolo sa Academy, mekhoa ea khetho e lokela ho (1) ho nahanela tekano ea tekano le liphephetso tse ikhethang tsa bafuputsi ba pele ba mosebetsi, (2) ho tšehetsa litso le mekhoa e fapaneng, (3) ho ananela libaka tse fapaneng tsa bokhoni le litalenta, le (4) ho khothaletsa khethollo le lipuo tse ngata.
2. Tekolo ea lipatlisiso tsa motheo haholo-holo ka tlhahlobo ea boleng eo tlhahlobo ea lithaka e leng bohareng, e tšehetsoeng ke tšebeliso e nang le boikarabelo ea matšoao a mangata; tlhahlobo ea bokhabane le tšusumetso mabapi le mosebetsi oa bakhethoa e lokela ho theoa holim'a tlhahlobo ea boleng ba lithaka e kopanang le melao-motheo e thata le ea ponaletso, 'me e nahanele mofuta o ikhethileng oa thuto ea mahlale.
3. Lahla tšebeliso e sa nepahalang ea metrics e thehiloeng ho koranta le lingoliloeng tlhahlobong ea lipatlisiso; haholo-holo, sena se bolela ho tloha hole le ho sebelisa metrics joalo ka Journal Impact Factor (JIF), Article Influence Score (AIS) le h-index e le li-proxies tse ka sehloohong bakeng sa boleng le tšusumetso.
Polelo ea Allea Mabapi le Phetoho ea Tekolo ea Lipatlisiso ka har'a Likolo tsa Europe
Ho bona karabelo e kopanetsweng [87] ho Tumellano ea EU le CoARA Coalition, sechaba sa ECR se GYA le sona se amohetse boitlamo bona mme se fana ka mekhoa ea ho phethahatsa melao-motheo ea sona. Tsena li kenyelletsa mekhoa e kenyeletsang le e bonahatsang mefuta-futa ea litšobotsi tse khethehileng tsa naha le litšoaneleho tsa thuto, 'me bafuputsi ba mekhahlelo eohle ea mosebetsi ba fumana koetliso, likhothatso le meputso, ka koetliso e tlamang ea saense e bulehileng bakeng sa bafuputsi, basebetsi le litho tsa komiti e le tsa bohlokoa.
Liunivesithi tse matla tsa lipatlisiso tsa Europe le tsona li bile le morao ho ntlafatso ea tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso e le tsela ea mesebetsi ea lipatlisiso ea "multidimensional"Overlaet, B., 2022 [88]). Ba thehile moralo o tšoanang oa ho khothatsa le ho tšehetsa liunivesithi ho lemoha litlatsetso tse fapaneng tsa lipatlisiso, thuto le ts'ebeletso sechabeng.
Boemong ba naha, linaha tse 'maloa joale li leka mekhoa e fapaneng ea tlhahlobo: mohlala, mekhatlo ea lichelete ea naha Belgium, Netherlands, Switzerland 'me UK kaofela ba sebelisa 'narrative CVs'. Narrative CVs e sheba ka botlalo katleho ea thuto: tlatsetso tlhahisong ea tsebo, nts'etsopele ea batho ka bomong, ho sechaba se batsi sa lipatlisiso le sechabeng ka bophara (Mokhatlo oa Royal [89]). Leha ho na le ts'ehetso e ntseng e hola bakeng sa mefuta ena ea li-CV, ho boetse ho na le ngongoreho ea hore li qobella barutehi ho sebetsa hantle nthong e 'ngoe le e' ngoe, 'me ka hona ba ipeha kotsing ea ho beha boiphihlelo bo tebileng ba ho lelekisa maemo a akaretsang.Grove, J., 2021 [90].
Mehlala e mene ea litsamaiso tsa naha tsa lipatlisiso tse hokahanyang lintlafatso tsa naha ka bophara litekong tsa thuto tse amanang le mosebetsi li kenyelelitsoe mabokoseng a latelang a mongolo.
Mohlala oa naha: UK
The UK Research Evaluation Framework (REF) e lekanya tšusumetso ea lipatlisiso ka litekanyo tse peli: 'bohlokoa' (phapang e totobetseng eo morero o e etsang) le 'ho fihlela' (boemo bo lekantsoeng boo e bo etsang) (UKRI). Tšusumetso mona e hlalosoa e le 'phello, phetoho kapa molemo moruong, sechabeng, moetlong, leanong la sechaba kapa litšebeletsong, bophelo bo botle, tikolohong kapa boleng ba bophelo, ho feta thutong' e feto-fetohang le e sa hlakang, e hlolehang ho ikarabella ka ho lekaneng bakeng sa lipuisano tsa sechaba, mohlala.
UK's REF e ntse e hlahlojoa ka 2022-2023 tlas'a Lenaneo la Tekolo ea Lipatlisiso tsa Kamoso ho hlahloba mekhoa e mecha ea tlhahlobo ea ts'ebetso ea lipatlisiso tsa thuto e phahameng ea UK, 'me e kenyeletsa ho utloisisa mekhoa ea machaba ea tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso. Phetolelo e latelang ea REF e kanna ea ikarabella bakeng sa sete e fapaneng ea liphetho mme mohlomong le ho fokotsa bohlokoa bo amanang le tsona. Moetso oa hajoale o kenyelletsa bohlokoa ba 60% ho sephetho, 25% ho phello ea lipatlisiso le 15% ho setso / tikoloho ea lipatlisiso. Haeba tsena li ne li le boima bo lekanang, joale REF e ne e tla shebahala e fapane haholo, ka bohlokoa bo amanang le setso sa lipatlisiso, botšepehi ba lipatlisiso le ho sebetsa ha sehlopha (Grove, 2020).
Mohlala oa naha: Finland
Ka 2020, Federation of Learned Societies ea Finland e ile ea hokahanya sehlopha sa basebetsi ba lichelete tsa lipatlisiso, liunivesithi le mekhatlo ea basebetsi e phatlalalitseng polelo eo. Mokhoa o Molemo oa Tlhahlobo ea Lipatlisiso. Sena se fana ka tataiso bakeng sa ho latela mokhoa o nang le boikarabelo oa tlhahlobo ea barutehi ka bomong, ho kenyeletsoa le metheo e mehlano e akaretsang ea tlhahlobo: pepeneneng, botšepehi, toka, bokhoni le mefuta-futa. Boits'oaro bo Botle ba Tekolo ea Lipatlisiso bo kopa botšepehi ba lipatlisiso, thuto le boeletsi, le tšebeletso ea saense (mohlala, tlhahlobo ea lithaka) ho ananeloa hamolemo ha ho hlahlojoa litlatsetso tsa batho ka bomong lithutong. Polelo ena e bona litlhahlobo e se feela taba ea ho hlahisa likahlolo tse akaretsang: hape e khothaletsa bahlahlobisisi ho arolelana maikutlo le batho ba hlahlojoang ho thusa ho fana ka maikutlo le ho ithuta.
Mekhatlo e etsang lipatlisiso le mekhatlo e fanang ka lichelete ho etsa lipatlisiso kaofela e ikemiseditse ho kenya tshebetsong Boitshwaro bo Botle ba Tekolo ya Dipatlisiso le ho hlahisa diphapano tsa bona tsa lehae mabapi le tataiso, mme ho ntse ho ntshetswa pele mokgwa wa CV wa mofuputsi wa naha. Mekhoa e Ntle ea Tlhahlobo ea Lipatlisiso e itlama ho hlahloba le ho ntlafatsa kamehla.
Mohlala oa naha: Netherlands
Naheng ea Netherlands, lenaneo la naha la Recognition le Meputso le qalile ka 2019, ka phatlalatso ea polelo ea boemo. Kamore ea Talenta ea Bohle. Tšebelisano ena ea naha ka bophara pakeng tsa Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW - setho sa IAP le ISC), bafani ba lichelete tsa lipatlisiso, liunivesithi le litsi tsa bongaka li bolela hore mekhoa ea mekhoa ea mekhoa ea mekhoa ea mekhoa ea ho etsa lipatlisiso e lokela ho etsahala. Ka ho etsa joalo, e hlahisa litabatabelo tse hlano tsa phetoho mekhoeng ea tlhahlobo: mefuta e mengata e fapaneng ea litsela tsa mosebetsi, ho ela hloko ts'ebetso ea motho ka mong le ea sehlopha, ho etelletsa pele boleng ba mosebetsi ho feta matšoao a palo, saense e bulehileng le boetapele ba thuto.
Ho tloha ka 2019, liunivesithi tsa Dutch li falletse ho etsa liphetolelo tsa bona tsa lehae tsa polelo ea pono ea naha. Ka nako e ts'oanang, mekhatlo ea lichelete e qalile lifomate tse ling tsa 'narrative CV' 'me ba khaolitse ho kopa lintlha tsa bibliometric, ba qotsa San Francisco DORA e le khothatso. The Dutch Research Council e sa tsoa fallela ho CV e thehiloeng bopaking moo ho ka sebelisoang lintlha tse ling tsa bongata. KNAW le eona e ile ea iketsetsa ea eona moralo oa lilemo tse tharo ho kenya tshebetsong lenaneo la Kamohelo le Meputso ka hare ho naha. Ho khethiloe molaoli oa lenaneo la nako eohle le sehlopha ho tsamaisa lenaneo la ntlafatso ea Kemohelo le Meputso, 'me 'Mokete oa Kemohelo le Meputso' o tšoaroa selemo le selemo har'a bankakarolo ba ka sehloohong ba ntlafatso ho tšehetsa thuto ea sechaba ka bophara.
Qetellong, e tšehelitsoe ka lichelete ke DORA Community Engagement grant, the Mocha oa Saense oa Boikemisetso ba Phetoho bakeng sa baithuti ba PhD, e thehiloeng Utrecht, e hlahisitse tataiso e ncha ea tlhahlobo bakeng sa PhD, ka boiteko ba ho fetola setso sa lipatlisiso.
Mohlala oa naha: Norway
Ka 2021, Norway, Liunivesithi tsa Norway le Lekhotla la Lipatlisiso la Norway li phatlalalitsoe NOR-CAM - Lebokose la lisebelisoa bakeng sa kananelo le meputso litlhahlobong tsa thuto. NOR-CAM e fana ka moralo oa matrix bakeng sa ho ntlafatsa pepeneneng le ho atolosa tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso le bafuputsi hole le matšoao a moqotetsane a nang le tsebo ea bibliometric. NOR-CAM e emetse Norwegian Career Assessment Matrix, mme e fetotsoe ho tloha 2017. raporoto ka Khomishene ea Europe e hlahisitseng Open Science Career Assessment Matrix. Joalo ka pele ho eona Europe, NOR-CAM e boetse e fana ka mekhoa ea ho kopanya mekhoa e metle ea mahlale a bulehileng litekong. Morero oa matrix ke ho tataisa bahlahlobi le bakhethoa bakeng sa maemo a thuto, likopo tsa lichelete tsa lipatlisiso le bahlahlobi ba naha ba hlahlobang lipatlisiso le thuto tsa Norway. E boetse e reretsoe ho sebetsa joalo ka tataiso e akaretsang bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea mosebetsi oa motho ka mong.
Matrix e kenyelletsa likarolo tse tšeletseng tsa bokhoni: liphetho tsa lipatlisiso, ts'ebetso ea lipatlisiso, bokhoni ba thuto, tšusumetso le boiqapelo, boetapele le litsebo tse ling. Joale matrix e fana ka litlhahiso ho nolofalletsa moralo oa mosebetsi le kananelo ea tlhahlobo ho pota-pota e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea litekanyetso - mehlala ea sephetho le bokhoni, mekhoa ea litokomane le litlhahiso tsa ho thuisa ka ntlha e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe. Ha hoa lebelloa hore bakhethoa ba sebetse ka ho lekana maemong ohle.
NOR-CAM e thehiloe ke sehlopha se sebetsang sa bankakarolo ba etsang lipatlisiso le ba fanang ka lichelete ho mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng ke Liunivesithi tsa Norway, ho bolelang hore ha e le hantle e rekiloe ke litho tsa liunivesithi tsohle tsa Norway. Lithupelo tse amang liunivesithi tsa Norway li 'nile tsa tšoaroa ka mor'a moo ho nts'etsapele mekhoa ea ho kopanya NOR-CAM lits'ebetsong tsa tlhahlobo ea ho khethoa le ho khothaletsoa, mme ho ntse ho ntlafatsoa sistimi ea "automatic" CV ho khutlisa data ho tsoa mehloling e mengata ea naha le ea machabeng e ntse e tsoela pele ho fokotsa tsamaiso. moroalo. Bahokahanyi ba meralo e boletsoeng ka holimo e meraro ea boemo ba naha ba kopane khafetsa ho fapanyetsana liphihlelo tsa bona le ho arolelana thuto.
3.2.2 Latin America le Carribean
Latin America le Caribbean (LAC) li fapana ka litsela tse ngata le likarolong tse ling tsa lefatše. Mona, saense e nkoa e le molemo oa sechaba lefatšeng ka bophara 'me lipatlisiso tsa eona le litsamaiso tsa khatiso tsa thuto le mekhoa ea motheo ke tsa sechaba (li tšehelitsoe ka lichelete) ebile e se tsa khoebo: empa matla le meetlo ena ea libaka ha e e-s'o bonahale tsamaisong ea tlhahlobo. Bankakarolo ba ka sehloohong ba ka tlisang phetoho ke makhotla a naha a lipatlisiso, makala a saense le liunivesithi tsa mantlha tsa lipatlisiso - karolo ea li-HEI e bohlokoa, kaha ho feta 60% ea bafuputsi ba teng liunivesithing.RiCyT, 2020 [91]). Ho na le monyetla oa ho hokahanya litsamaiso tsa tlhahlobo haufi-ufi le li-SDG le metsamao e bulehileng ea mahlale le mahlale a baahi, a nang le moetlo o atlehileng tikolohong eo.
Hajoale, ho na le karohano e phahameng ea litsamaiso tsa tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso naheng ka bophara, sebakeng sa heno le setheong, e behang lipatlisiso tlholisanong le mesebetsi e meng, joalo ka ho ruta, katoloso le tlhahiso. Litsamaiso tsa tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso le likhau tsa bafuputsi ho LAC ka kakaretso li rata mohopolo oa bokhabane o tšehelitsoeng mekhoeng ea 'Global North', e ipapisitseng le tšusumetso ea likoranta le maemo a univesithi.CLACSO, 2020 [92]). Kamohelo ea mefuta e fapaneng ea tlhahiso ea tsebo le puisano, le bongata ba mesebetsi ea thuto (mohlala, ho ruta, koetliso le tlhabollo, mahlale a moahi le puisano ea sechaba ea mahlale) ha li eo haholo litloaelong tsa tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso. Sena se thata haholo ho bafuputsi ba saense ea sechaba le botho, moo monographs le lipuo tsa lehae li sebelisoang haholo (CLACSO, 2021 [93]). Likoranta tsa libaka le matšoao li fokotsoa kapa ha li lemohuoe lits'ebetsong tse joalo tsa tlhahlobo. Sena sohle se mpefatsoa ke litsamaiso tse fokolang tsa tlhahisoleseling le tšebelisano e fokolang ea (haholo-holo ea sechaba), e sa fumaneheng chelete e ngata hobane lichelete tse haellang li lebisitsoe ho litefo tsa APC bakeng sa likoranta tsa phihlello tse bulehileng.
Leha ho le joalo, liunivesithi tse ling sebakeng sena li se li qala ho kenya ts'ebetsong mekhoa ea tlhahlobo e sebelisang motsoako oa mekhoa ea boleng le ea bongata, haholo-holo tlhahlobong ea bafuputsi le lipatlisiso tse shebaneng le boromuoa (Gras, 2022 [94]). Phetoho ho merero e felletseng ea tlhahlobo ea liphuputso e tla hloka hore ho be le moralo o kopanetsoeng oa mekhoa ea boleng bo holimo; tšebeliso e nang le boikarabelo ea lintlha tse ngata le ho matlafatsa mekhoa ea ho hlahloba lithaka; liphetoho tse ntseng li eketseha tse lumellanang le ho hokahanya maano le mekhoa e lebisang ho melao-motheo e arolelanoang ea tlhahlobo e nang le boikarabelo le saense e bulehileng; mekhoa e mecha le datha bakeng sa tlhahlobo e betere ea mahlale a lipakeng/ tsa thuto e fapaneng, litaba tsa tikoloho le tsa lehae; meaho ea motheo e arolelanoang, e sebelisanang, e tšoarellang, e kopanetsoeng e tšehetsang mefuta-futa ea Bibele le lipuo tse ngata; le meralo e nkang karolo, e eang tlase holimo e atolosang ho kenya letsoho ha baahi le mekhatlo ea sechaba le ho kenyeletsoa ha lihlopha tsa lipatlisiso tse sa emetsoeng hantle.
Ho rarolla mathata ana, sebaka sena se amohetse melaoana le litataiso tsa tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso. The Phatlalatso ea CLACSO-FOLEC ea Melao-motheo ea Tekolo ea Lipatlisiso [95], e amohetsoeng ka Phuptjane 2022, e ikemiselitse ho netefatsa le ho sireletsa mahlale a boleng le a bohlokoa sechabeng, le ho amohela melao-motheo ea DORA le saense e bulehileng, mefuta e fapaneng ea liphetho tsa lipatlisiso le mesebetsi ea lipatlisiso, boleng ba likoranta tsa libaka le lits'ebeletso tsa indexing, le ya dihlopha tse fapaneng, puo ya selehae le tsebo ya matswallwa. Ho fihlela joale, e na le balateli ba fetang 220 'me ho se ho ntse ho e-na le mekhoa e metle tlhahlobong e ikarabellang ea lipatlisiso le mehlala ea liphetoho. Mehlala e meng ea naha e fanoe ka har'a mabokose a latelang a mongolo.
Mohlala oa naha: Colombia
E tšehelitsoe ke Moputso oa DORA Community Engagement Award, Mekhatlo ea Liunivesithi tsa Colombia, Baphatlalatsi ba Univesithi, Batsamaisi ba Lipatlisiso le marang-rang a tsamaiso ea mahlale le thekenoloji, har'a ba bang, ba 'nile ba sebetsa hammoho ka menyetla le liphephetso tsa metrics e ikarabellang Colombia. Ka letoto la lithupelo le lipuisano, ho kenyeletsoa le mekhatlo ea machaba e le litekanyetso, ba thehile rubriki ho thusa mekhatlo ea Colombia ho iketsetsa li-REF tsa tsona. Rubriki ena e leka ho ikarabella bakeng sa liqholotso tse hloailoeng boemong ba lehae, tseo - bakeng sa li-HEI - li kenyelletsang khaello ea tsebo mabapi le mekhoa e meng ea tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso, mofuta oa tikoloho ea tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso tsa naha le ho hana phetoho. A websaeteng e inehetseng e ntlafalitsoe, hammoho le infographics ho thusa bafuputsi, mme phatlalatso le thuto e ntse e tsoela pele ho arolelanoa naheng ka bophara.
Boitsebiso bo eketsehileng: Morero oa metrics o ikarabellang oa Colombia: ho ea setsing sa Colombia, sesebelisoa sa mokhoa oa tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso | DORA (sfdora.org)
Mohlala oa naha: Argentina
Boiteko bo khahlisang ba ho etsa liphetoho ho Lekhotla la Naha la Lipatlisiso tsa Saense le Theknoloji (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - CONICET) e bile tlhahiso ea qeto e khethehileng bakeng sa mahlale a sechaba le a batho e behang likoranta tse thathamisitsoeng ka har'a potoloho e kholo maemong a tšoanang le likoranta tse thathamisitsoeng libakeng tse kang. SciELO, redalyc or Latindex-Catálogo. Hajwale molawana ona o ntse o lekolwa, ho hlakisa tse ding tse sa hlakang mabapi le ho kenngwa tshebetsong ha wona le ho hodisa maemo a wona. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ka 2022, Boto ea Batsamaisi ba CONICET e ile ea latela San Francisco DORA, ea lumela phatlalatsa boitlamo ba eona ba ho ntlafatsa lipatlisiso ka ho matlafatsa tlhahlobo le ntlafatso e tsoelang pele ea lits'ebetso tsa eona.
The Setsi sa Naha sa Khothaletso ea Lipatlisiso, Ntlafatso ea Theknoloji le Boithomelo (Agencia Nacional de Promoción de la Investigación, el Desarrollo Tecnológico y la Innovavión - AGENCIA I+D+i), tlas'a Lekala la Saense, Theknoloji le Ntlafatso, ke motšehetsi ea ka sehloohong oa liphuputso ka har'a naha ka lebaka la mefuta-futa le boholo ba mehala ea eona ea tlholisano e phahameng. Hajoale, AGENCIA e kenya tšebetsong lenaneo ho matlafatsa lits'ebetso tsa tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso licheleteng tsa bona tse kholo tsa lichelete. Lintlafatso tsa hajoale li kenyelletsa moputso oa bahlahlobi ba lithaka ho khothaletsa boitlamo ba bona ka lits'ebetso tsena, khothatso ea ho bula phihlello joalo ka ha sephetho sa morero se lokela ho romelloa sechabeng ka lingoliloeng kapa litokomane tsa phatlalatso e bulehileng (ho ea ka litlamo tsa '.Bula Lipolokelo tsa Dijithale tsa Access Institutional' Molao oa Naha 26.899) le ho kenyeletsoa ha tekano le likarolo tsa kenyeletso ka bong, lihlopha tsa meloko tse sa emetsoeng hantle le/kapa mekhoa e matlafatsang ea setheo ea ho leka-lekanya lits'ebetsong tsa tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso. Leha ho le joalo, likomiting tse fapaneng tsa khalemelo, semelo sa thuto sa bafuputsi ba etelletseng pele ba ikarabellang bakeng sa litlhahiso se ntse se hlahlojoa ke lithaka tsa bona ka ts'ebeliso ea matšoao a tšusumetso ea mantsoe.
Qetellong, e tšehelitsoe ka lichelete ke DORA Community Engagement Grant, Faculty of Psychology ho Universidad Nacional de la Plata e ile ea tšoara ketsahalo e etsahalang ka Loetse 2022 mabapi le tlhahlobo ea thuto ea kelello le mahlale a sechaba a hohetseng ho feta 640 (haholo-holo liithuti tse tlase) ho tsoa linaheng tse 12, tse bontšang thahasello ea bacha k'honthinenteng. Ketsahalo ena e thusitse ho bopa moralo oa tsamaiso ea lilemo tse 'ne mme e tla tsebisa buka e mabapi le tokiso ea tlhahlobo ea akatemi maemong a puo ea Sepanishe.
Mohlala oa naha: Brazil
Tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso e phehisana khang haholo Brazil har'a litsi tsa lipatlisiso le bafuputsi, haeba e se mebuso ea naha le ea koporasi. Leha ho le joalo, leha ho na le palo e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea batho ba saenneng mekhatlo bakeng sa DORA lefatšeng, mehlala ea liphetoho tsa tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso e fokola ka mokhoa o makatsang. Ho latela lipatlisiso tsa ba saenneng ba DORA ka hare ho naha, lipuisano tsa mekhatlo le ketsahalo ea sechaba, e tšehelitsoeng ka lichelete ke DORA Community Engagement Grant, a tataise e lokiselitsoe hore baetapele ba univesithi ba hlahlobe mekhoa e nang le boikarabelo ea tlhahlobo.
Tataiso e lebisa tlhokomelo liketsong tse tharo tse kholo: (1) ho hlokomelisa ka tlhahlobo e nang le boikarabelo ka mefuta eohle ea eona; (2) koetliso le kaho ea bokhoni ba bahlahlobisisi le ba ntseng ba hlahlojoa; le (3) phethahatso le tekolo. Mehato e latelang ke ho aha marang-rang a litsebi - kapa liofisi tse leshome tsa bohlale tsa univesithi - ho tlisa phetoho mekhoeng ea tlhahlobo le mekhoa ea liteko e shebaneng le maemo, 'me qetellong ho thehoe 'mapa oa litsela bakeng sa litsi tsa Brazil tse lakatsang ho tlisa phetoho.
3.2.3 North America
Ho na le phetoho e ntseng e tsoela pele ho tloha ho matšoao a mangata Amerika Leboea, e potlakisoang ke lenaneo le bulehileng la mahlale. Saense e bulehileng le tlhahlobo e bulehileng li thusa ho etsa hore litloaelo tsa tlhahlobo li be pepeneneng, ho fana ka monyetla oa ho itlhahloba le mathata a hlahang, mohlala, ho itlhalosa le ho qhekella ka ho hira, ho phahamisa le ho hlahloba lithaka, hammoho le tekano ea tlhaho le leeme le leng. Liphehisano li ntse li tsoela pele mabapi le tlhokahalo ea ho hlahisa litsupa tse bohlale, tse bohlale le mekhoa e tsoakaneng ea tlhahlobo, e nang le monyetla oa ho etsa tlhahlobo e nyalisitsoeng, e kopanyang e sebeletsang saense ea motheo (tsebo e tsoelang pele) le saense e sebelisitsoeng (societal impact).
Ho boetse ho na le tlhokomeliso ea hore liunivesithi li hloka sebaka sa thuto le tokoloho ea ho itokolla lisebelisoa tseo li li sebelisang ha joale bakeng sa tlhahlobo, ntle le 'mosebetsi oa pele', le hore sechaba sa basebelisi e lokela ho ba karolo ea tšebetso ea tlhahlobo ho thusa ho lekanya ts'ebeliso ea tsebo, kameho le phello ea eona. Empa ho boetse ho na le khanyetso e teng ea ho fetoha ('bofofu ba ka boomo') ho tloha holimo le tlase ho tikoloho ea liphuputso - ho tsoa ho ba ruang molemo maemong a quo le ba sa tsoa kena ho ona. Liunivesithi tse fokolang haholo tsa US li saenetse DORA mme projeke e ncha ea DORA e leka ho utloisisa hore na hobaneng ho le joalo (Tšimoloho ea lebitso la pele Tara). Leha ho le joalo, Canada le USA ho na le mehlala e meng e khahlang ea matsapa a naha le a mekhatlo a reretsoeng ho tlisa phetoho ea tsamaiso (sheba mabokose a mongolo a latelang).
Mohlala oa naha: USA
Naheng ea Amerika, National Science Foundation ke lentsoe le etelletseng pele bakeng sa phetoho ka eona Ho Tsoela Pele ka Tšusumetso ea Lipatlisiso Sechabeng lenaneo le ho felehetsa sephutheloana sa litšusumetso tse pharalletseng bakeng sa bafuputsi le bahlahlobisisi. Tekatekano, mefuta-futa le kenyeletso, ho kenyeletsoa ho kopanela le matsoalloa a moo le sechaba se neng se qheletsoe ka thoko, ke tsona tse ka sehloohong. Setho sa IAP le ISC, US National Academies of Sciences e boetse e batla ho susumetsa liphetoho tse pharaletseng, ho fana ka sethala sa phapanyetsano ea tlhahisoleseding le ho ithuta ka ho fetola CV ea mofuputsi oa setso (NAS Strategic Council, 2022). Ka lebaka la mosebetsi oa likolo tsa US, the Morero oa Boetapele ba Thuto e Phahameng bakeng sa Scholarship e Bulehileng ke sehlopha sa likoleche le liunivesithi tse fetang 60 tse ikemiselitseng ho nka khato e kopanetsoeng ho ntšetsa pele thuto e bulehileng, ho kenyeletsoa ho nahana bocha tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso ho putsa ho buleha le ponaletso.
Ka mohlala, Setsi sa Sechaba sa Bophelo bo Botle, se ile sa qapa e ncha biosketch (SciENcv) bakeng sa basebeletsi ba likopo tsa lithuso ho fokotsa leeme la tsamaiso le moroalo oa ho tlaleha, 'me ka nako e ts'oanang ba susumetsoe ke tšusumetso.
Mohlala oa naha: Canada
Canada, ho na le lipuisano tse ngata mabapi le phetoho ea tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso, e tsamaisoang ke DORA; makhotla a mararo kaofela a liphuputso tsa mmuso a saena. Lekhotla la Mahlale a Tlhaho le Boenjiniere le na le mekhoa e hlalositsoeng bocha ea boleng ba lipatlisiso, ho fana ka li-bibliometrics, litemana le h-index, tumellanong le melao-motheo ea DORA: metrics ea boleng hona joale e kenyelletsa lintlha tse ntle tsa lipatlisiso le tsamaiso ea phihlello ea data, tekano, mefuta-futa le kenyelletso, le boikarabelo ba koetliso. Makhotla a mang a mabeli a lipatlisiso a kanna a latela mohlala ona.
Bafuputsi ba Canada ba atisa ho shebana le 'ho bokella tsebo', boiteko bo ikemiselitseng ba ho ntšetsa pele phello ea sechaba ea lipatlisiso, ka ho sebelisana 'moho le sechaba sa basebelisi (ISI, 2022). Patlisiso Impact Canada ke marang-rang a liunivesithi tse fetang 20 tse ikemiselitseng ho aha bokhoni ba setheo ka tsebo ea ho bala le ho ngola, kapa bokhoni ba ho 'khetholla lipheo le matšoao a nepahetseng, ho lekola ka ho hlaka le ho ntlafatsa mekhoa ea litšusumetso, le ho nahanisisa ka litsebo tse hlokahalang ho lokisa mekhoa e fapaneng maemong' eketsa tšusumetso ea lipatlisiso molemong oa sechaba.
Ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore ke liunivesithi tse fokolang haholo tsa Canada tse saenneng DORA. Ntho e ka sehloohong e susumetsang phetoho efe kapa efe e kanna ea ba ho amohela borutehi ba matsoalloa: sena e se e le tlhokahalo ea boitšoaro Canada.
3.2.4 Afrika
Litsamaiso tsa likhothatso tsa lipatlisiso le meputso Afrika li atisa ho bonahatsa 'machabeng', haholo-holo Bophirimela, litloaelo le litloaelo. Mekhatlo ea Afrika e leka ho latela tsena ha e ntlafatsa mokhoa oa bona oa 'boleng' le 'bokhabane' liphuputsong empa ha se kamehla li loketseng tsebo le litlhoko tsa lehae. Lipatlisiso tsa 'boleng', 'bokhabane' le 'tšusumetso' ha lia hlalosoa hantle ka har'a kontinente, 'me bafuputsi ba bang ha baa tloaela moetlo oa 'tšusumetso ea lipatlisiso'.
Litsamaiso tsa tlhahlobo Afrika ha li na boikarabello bakeng sa lipatlisiso molemong oa sechaba, ho ruta, ho aha bokhoni, tsamaiso ea lipatlisiso le tsamaiso. Mefuta ea phatlalatso ha e nahanele maemo, 'me li-APC li theha litšitiso ho sephetho sa lipatlisiso tsa Afrika. Phetoho ea litsamaiso tsa tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso e ka thusa ho lokisa li-asymmetries ho tlatsetso eo lipatlisiso tsa Afrika li ka e etsang ho liqholotso tsa sechaba, hammoho le ho ntlafatsa phihlello ea lisebelisoa ho thusa sechaba sa Afrika sa lipatlisiso ho etsa sena. Ho felisa litšitiso tsa tšebelisano-'moho ea likarolo tse fapaneng le tse fapaneng ho bohlokoa ho etsa hore menahano e fapaneng le litsamaiso tsa tsebo li atlehe le ho thusa ho toloka se bolelang boleng ba lipatlisiso bakeng sa Afrika. Mekhoa e kopanyang maikutlo a lefats'e a lehae, a matsoalloa le a "tloaelehileng" mabapi le tlhahlobo ea boleng ba lipatlisiso le bokhabane li hloka ho nahanoa phetohong efe kapa efe.
Litšebelisano tse matla li ntse li hahuoa ho potoloha RRA kontinenteng. E tšehelitsoe ka lichelete ke mokhatlo oa machaba oa mekhatlo ea ntlafatso, the Boikemisetso ba Makhotla a Thuso ea Mahlale (SGCI) [96], ho sebelisana le linaha tsa 17 tsa Afrika, ho entse boithuto mabapi le bokhabane ba lipatlisiso Afrika, ho sheba mekhatlo ea lichelete tsa mahlale le tlhahlobo ea bafuputsi ho latela pono ea Global South.Tijssen le Kraemer-Mbula, 2017 [97], [98]). E ile ea hlahloba taba ea bokhabane ba lipatlisiso Afrika e ka boroa ho Sahara le tlhokahalo ea mokhoa o atolosang khopolo ea bokhabane ho feta likhatiso (Tijssen le Kraemer-Mbula, 2018 [99]); ho hlahisa tokomane ea tataiso, e ntseng e nchafatsoa hajoale, mabapi le mekhoa e metle ea ho kenya ts'ebetsong litlholisano tsa lipatlisiso (SGCI [100]). Sebokeng sa Lefatshe sa Saense ka 2022, tlasa tshehetso ya SGCI le GRC, Aforika Borwa. Setsi sa Naha sa Patlisiso (NRF) le Lefapha la Saense le Boqapi li ile tsa kopanya balekane ba machaba le ba lehae ho buisana ka karolo ea mekhatlo ea lichelete ho ntšetseng pele RRA, le ho arolelana liphihlelo, ho ntšetsa pele mekhoa e metle le ho lekola tsoelo-pele ea kaho ea bokhoni le tšebelisano-'moho (NRF, 2022 [101]).
The Khokahano ea Bopaki ba Afrika [102], marang-rang a Afrika, a marang-rang a basebetsi ba fetang 3,000 a entse mosebetsi o itseng mabapi le tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso tsa transdisciplinary (Khokahano ea Bopaki ba Afrika [103]) empa hore na sena se kenyelelitsoe hakae litsamaisong tsa tlhahlobo ea naha le ea libaka ha e so hlake. The Africa Research and Impacts Network [103] esale a sebetsa ka karete ea lintlha e nang le pokello ea matšoao a ho lekola boleng ba tlhahlobo ea mahlale, thekenoloji le boqapi (STI) Afrika, eo e ts'epang hore e tla ba sesebelisoa sa ho etsa liqeto tse thehiloeng marang-rang ho tataisa liqeto tsa matsete a mafu a likobo. .
Boemong ba naha, liphetoho tse ntseng li eketseha li qalile - mehlala e meng e fanoa ka mabokoseng a latelang a mongolo. Linaha tse ling moo mekhatlo ea lichelete ea liphuputso e etellang pele e kenyeletsa Tanzania (COSTECH), Mozambique (FNI) le Burkina Faso (FONRID). Boikitlaetso ba RRA ba GRC bo iponahatsa e le lepatlelo la bohlokwa la diphethoho kontinenteng, jwaloka ha ho ntse ho ithuta ho tswa lekaleng la ntshetsopele ya matjhaba, haholoholo, la IDRC. Moralo oa Tekolo oa Boleng ba Lipatlisiso (RQ+). [104], ka phapang ea hore e se e sebelisitsoe, e ithutoa le ho ntlafatsoa. E thehiloeng Afrika International Evaluation Academy [105] e kanna ea fana ka monyetla o khahlisang.
Mohlala oa naha: Côte d'Ivoire
Ka pelong ea Côte d'Ivoire's Lenaneo la Appui Stratégique à la Recherche Scientifique (PASRES) (Strategic Support Programme for Scientific Research) ke tumelo ea hore bokhabane liphuputsong bo tlameha ho feta palo ea likhatiso tsa liphuputso mme bo kenyelle boemo ba 'ho nka liphuputso'. Ho ikamahanya le maemo a naha, mokhoa oa tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso o thehiloe holim'a litekanyetso tse amanang le bohlokoa ba saense le sechabeng, ho kenya letsoho ha balekane, koetliso ea liithuti, ho bokella tsebo le ho khoneha. Liphanele tsa tlhahlobo li kenyelletsa litsebi tsa mahlale (ho ahlola boleng ba lipatlisiso tse entsoeng), lekala la poraefete (ho ahlola ntlafatso ea moruo) le litsi tse ling (ho lekanya bokhoni ba patlisiso ea setso le sechabeng).
PASRES e thehile likoranta tse peli tsa lehae (e 'ngoe ea saense ea kahisano le lipuo le e' ngoe bakeng sa tikoloho le mefuta-futa ea limela) 'me e kopana le litšenyehelo tsohle tsa ho hatisa ho tsona. Qetellong, PASRES e tšehetsa mesebetsi ea kaho ea bokhoni le likopano tsa sehlooho ho thusa bafuputsi ho hlahisa lipatlisiso tsa bona ho mekhatlo e ikemetseng le ho sechaba.
Lintlha tse ling: Ouattara, A. and Sangaré, Y. 2020. Ho tšehetsa lipatlisiso Côte d'Ivoire: mekhoa ea ho khetha le ho hlahloba merero. E. Kraemer-Mbula, R. Tijssen, ML Wallace, R. McLean (Eds.), African Minds, pp. 138–146
PASRES || Lenaneo la d'Appui Stratégique Recherche Scientifique (csrs.ch)
Mohlala oa naha: Afrika Boroa
Tlhahlobo ea liphuputso Afrika Boroa (SA) e tsepamisitse maikutlo haholo ho bibliometrics. Ho tloha ka 1986, ha Lefapha la Thuto e Phahameng (DHET) le hlahisa leano la ho lefa lithuso ho liunivesithi bakeng sa lingoliloeng tsa lipatlisiso tse hatisitsoeng likoranteng tsa li-index tse ngolisitsoeng ka molao, tlhahiso ea phatlalatso ea lipatlisiso tsa univesithi e ile ea hola ka nako e le 'ngoe le boleng ba Rand bo fanoeng khatisong ka 'ngoe. Ka boiteko ba ho fumana chelete ea ho etsa lipatlisiso le ho ntšetsa pele mesebetsi ea bona, bafuputsi ba SA ba ile ba hatisa lingoliloeng tse ngata kapele kamoo ba ka khonang, ba hlahisa liphello tse sothehileng le tse sa lebelloang.
Akademi ea Saense ea Afrika Boroa (ASSAf) e fane ka tlaleho ea khatiso ea borutehi naheng (2005–2014) mme ea fumana matšoao a mekhoa e belaetsang ea bohlophisi le phatlalatso ea bosholu (ASSAf, 2019). Ka ho sebelisa mokhoa o fapaneng oa ho arola, palo e hakanyetsoang ea 3.4% ea kakaretso ea lingoloa lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng e ile ea nkoa e le bohlaseluoa, 'me lipalo li nyoloha haholo ho tloha ka 2011. lenane le barutehi diyunibesithing tsohle tsa SA ba ile ba fumanwa ba ameha (Mouton and Valentine, 2017).
Tlaleho ea ASSAf e entse likhothaletso maemong a tsamaiso, a setheo le a motho ka mong le mehato e ileng ea lateloa ke DHET, NRF le liunivesithi tse ling ho bonahala li thibetse litloaelo tsa bosholu naheng ea SA ka liketsahalo tsa bosholu ba ho phatlalatsoa ke barutehi ba SA (likoranta tse ngolisitsoeng ka molao tsa DHET) li ile tsa phahama ka 2014– 2015 mme ka mor'a moo e fokotseha. Ho ne ho boetse ho e-na le matšoenyeho har'a bafuputsi ba hore maano a DHET a SA a nyahamisa tšebelisano 'me a hloleha ho hlokomela tlatsetso ea batho ka har'a lihlopha tse kholo tsa lipatlisiso, tse hlokang ho nchafatsoa ha merero ea tlhahlobo ea ts'ebetso / tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso. Tšebeliso ea tsamaiso ea yuniti ea khatiso e se e nkoa e le moemeli ea fokolang bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea boleng ba lipatlisiso le tlhahiso le bakeng sa khetho le phahamiso ea barutehi.
Boitsebiso bo eketsehileng:
Akademi ea Saense ea Afrika Boroa (ASSAf). 2019. Lilemo tse leshome le metso e 'meli: Tlaleho ea Bobeli ea ASSAf ka Phatlalatso ea Lipatlisiso ka hare le ho tsoa Afrika Boroa. Pretoria, ASSAf.
Mouton, J. le Valentine, A. 2017. Bophara ba dingolwa tsa Afrika Borwa dijenaleng tsa dinyatsi. South African Journal of Science, Moq. 113, No. 7/8, leqepheng la 1–9.
Mouton, J. et al. 2019. Boleng ba Likhatiso tsa Lipatlisiso tsa Afrika Boroa. Stellenbosch.
2019_assaf_collaborative_research_report.pdf
Mohlala oa naha: Nigeria
Liunivesithi tsa Nigeria li hlahloba bafuputsi likarolong tse tharo tse kholo: ho ruta, tlhahiso ea lipatlisiso le litšebeletso tsa sechaba. Ho tsena, tlhahiso ea liphuputso e boima haholo, ho hatisoa lihlooho tsa lipatlisiso tse hlahlobiloeng ke lithaka le ho nahanela palo le mesebetsi ea bangoli (bongoli ba pele le/kapa bongoli bo tsamaisanang) likhatisong tsena. Boitekong ba ho ba le tlholisano ea lefats'e, liunivesithi tse ngata li fana ka bohlokoa bo boholo ho likoranta tse indexed ke International Scientific Indexing kapa SCOPUS, ho beha khatiso e kholo holim'a boleng le tšebelisano ea machaba; le ho sebelisa liperesente tsa lingoliloeng likoranteng tsena e le mokhoa oa ho phahamisa.
Litholoana tse sa thabiseng tsa sena ke hore bafuputsi ba bangata, haholo-holo ba mokhatlong oa batho, ha ba na chelete e lekaneng le/kapa bokhoni ba ho phatlalatsa likoranteng tsena. Ho e-na le hoo, ba phatlalatsa tlhahlobo e eketsehileng ho e-na le lihlooho tsa lipatlisiso, kapa ba ikutloa ba tlameha ho kenyelletsa basebetsi-'moho le bona ba nang le tšusumetso, ba phahameng joaloka bangoli-'moho, ka lebaka la lichelete tsa bona ho e-na le monehelo oa kelello. Ho qhekella hoa eketseha, joalo ka phatlalatso ea bosholu. Leha ho le joalo, boemo ba lefats'e ka bophara ba liunivesithi tsa Nigeria bo eketsehile, ka hona bo khotsofatsa 'muso le mekhatlo ea lichelete, le ho nkoa e le katleho. Nigeria ha se eona feela tabeng ena.
Sekolo sa Nigerian Academy of Science se thehile hape koranta ea eona e hlahlobiloeng ke lithaka e le koranta ea bohlokoa eo barutehi ba ka e phatlalatsang (hona joale ke mahala) le ho fuoa maemo a holimo ke litsi tsa bona.
3.2.5 Asia-Pacific
Sistimi ea tlhahlobo ea tlholisano e phahameng haholo, e tsamaisoang ke metrics e laola sebaka sena, 'me linaha tsa Anglophone hangata li theha meralo ea tlhahlobo le linaha tse ling tse latelang. Ka mohlala, Australia, ho na le tsamaiso ea lichelete ea tlhōlisano e thehiloeng ho bibliometrics le maemo a univesithi: 'esita le li-SDG li ntse li fetoloa matšoao a tshebetso'. Liqholotso tse ts'oanang li teng Malaysia le Thailand, 'me linaha tse ling tsa ASEAN li kanna tsa latela. Mokhelo oa bohlokoa ke Chaena moo 'muso o bapalang karolo e kholo ho theheng phetoho e kholo ea tsamaiso le e ka bang le litlamorao tse tebileng lefatšeng ka bophara (sheba lebokose la mongolo).
Ka mokhoa o khothatsang, ho na le tlhokomeliso e ntseng e hola le ngongoreho har'a sechaba sa bafuputsi sebakeng sena mabapi le meeli ea litsamaiso tsa hajoale tsa tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso le tšokelo ea tsona ho botshepehi ba lipatlisiso. Le hoja li-ECR, ho kenyeletsa National Young Academies le ASEAN network of Young Scientists, hammoho le mekhatlo ea metso ea joang, li ntse li tsoela pele ho kopanela tabeng ena, li ntse li thatafalloa ho utluoa. Mmuso le ditjhaba tse fanang ka ditjhelete, ho kenyeletswa le boetapele ba diyunibesithi, haholo-holo ha ba eo dipuisanong tsena: ba hokela bohlokwa ba metrics ya palo empa ha ba ananele se tlalehileng dipatlisisong. Ka 'nete, litsebi li tlaleha hore ho ntse ho eketsoa litekanyetso tse eketsehileng tsa palo, ho isa bohōleng boo mekhatlo le bafuputsi ba qalang ho bapala tsamaiso, e leng ho hlohlelletsang boitšoaro bo bobe ba lipatlisiso.
Empa ho na le menyetla e mengata ea phetoho, joalo ka ha ho boletsoe mabokoseng a latelang a mongolo.
Mohlala oa naha: China
Hona joale ke naha e hlahisang lipatlisiso ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng (Tollefson, 2018; Statista, 2019), le ea bobeli mabapi le matsete a lipatlisiso (OECD, 2020), se etsahalang Chaena se na le monyetla oa ho etsa phetoho ea sebele ea tsamaiso. Leano le lecha la boemo ba mmuso le ikemiselitse ho khutlisetsa 'moea oa saense, boleng ba popontshwa le tlatsetso ea litšebeletso' tsa lipatlisiso le ho 'ts'ehetsa ho khutlela ha liunivesithi ho sepheo sa tsona sa mantlha sa thuto' (HAHOLO, 2020). Lipontšo tsa Web of Science ha e sa tla hlola e e-ba ntho e ka sehloohong ea ho etsa tlhahlobo kapa liqeto tsa lichelete, leha e le hore palo ea likhatiso le li-JIF e ke ke ea hlola e e-ba tsona. Lingoliloeng tsa limakasine tsa boleng bo holimo tsa Sechaena li tla khothatsoa le nts'etsopele ea tsona e tšehetsoeng. 'Lingoliloeng tse emelang' - lipampiri tsa khetho ea 5-10 ho fapana le manane a felletseng - li ntse li batloa liphanele tsa tlhahlobo, hammoho le litekanyetso tse hlahlobang tlatsetso e entsoeng ke lipatlisiso ho rarolla lipotso tsa bohlokoa tsa mahlale, ho fana ka tsebo e ncha ea mahlale kapa ho hlahisa mekhoa e mecha, le tsoelopele ea 'nete. ea, sebaka se itseng.
Ho nts'etsapele boleng ba lipatlisiso le sistimi ea tlhahlobo ea bokhabane e tsamaellanang le litlhoko tsa eona, setsi se seholo sa China sa lichelete bakeng sa lipatlisiso tsa mantlha, National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), se entse liphetoho tse hlophisehileng ho tloha ka 2018 ho bonts'a liphetoho tsa mahlale: phetoho ea lefats'e. libaka tsa mahlale, bohlokoa ba transdisciplinarity, motsoako oa lipatlisiso tse sebelisitsoeng le tsa mantlha le tšebelisano lipakeng tsa lipatlisiso le boqapi (Manfred Horvat, 2018), ho tloha ho bibliometrics ho ea tsamaisong e matlafatsang bohlokoa ba sebaka sa lipatlisiso Chaena (Zhang le Sivertsen, 2020). E ntlafalitse mokhoa oa eona oa ho hlahloba lithaka bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea tlhahiso ho lumellana hantle le lipatlisiso tse senyang tse tsamaisoang ke bohelehele, mathata a tukang moeling oa lipatlisiso, saense e babatsehang e sebelisoang litlhoko tsa moruo le tsa sechaba, le lipatlisiso tsa transdisciplinary tse sebetsanang le mathata a maholo. Ka 2021, 85% ea litlhahiso li ile tsa romeloa le ho hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa mekhahlelo ena. Haufinyane tjena, ka Pulungoana 2022, ho ile ha phatlalatsoa leano la lilemo tse peli la ntlafatso ea litalenta tsa mahlale le thekenoloji, le sebetsanang le makala a robeli, litsi tse leshome le metso e 'meli tsa lipatlisiso, liunivesithi tse robong le mebuso ea lehae e tšeletseng. Sepheo sa eona e tla ba ho lekola matšoao a tlhahlobo le mekhoa ea litalenta tsa mahlale le thekenoloji tse sebetsanang le likarolo tse fapaneng tsa sistimi ea ntlafatso.
Subregional mohlala: Australia le New Zealand
Australia le New Zealand hajoale li maemong a bohlokoa. Naheng ea Australia, litlhahlobo tse tsoelang pele tsa Lekhotla la Lipatlisiso la Australia, The Excellence in Research in Australia le Lipuisano tsa Gold Open Access li hlahisa menyetla e mengata (Ross, 2022).
Ka mor'a lipuisano tsa sechaba mabapi le bokamoso ba lichelete tsa saense, New Zealand e hlahisa e ncha lenaneo la tsamaiso bakeng sa bokamoso ba tsamaiso ea eona ea naha ea lipatlisiso le popontshwa. Australia le New Zealand li kentse letsoho ho nts'etsopele ea sistimi ea metrics bakeng sa lihlopha tsa bona tsa lipatlisiso tsa matsoalloa.TLHOKOMELO Melao-motheo).
Mohlala oa naha: India
Setsi sa Lefapha la Saense le Thekenoloji sa Lipatlisiso tsa Leano (DST-CPR) se entse liphuputso tsa morao-rao mabapi le tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso le tokiso ea eona India, e etellang pele lithupelo le bankakarolo ba bohlokoa (mekhatlo ea naha ea lichelete, litsi tsa lipatlisiso le likatemi), lipuisano le lipatlisiso. E fumane hore, leha liunivesithi le litsi tse ngata tsa bohlokoa ba leano la naha (joaloka temo) li shebane haholo le metrics ea bongata, mekhatlo e meng ea lichelete le litsi tse kang Indian Institutes of Technology le tsona li ntse li nka mehato ea boleng bo holimo. Mokhoa ona oa boemo bo holimo litsing tsa maemo a holimo o se o ntse o thusa ho khelosa chelete e ngata molemong oa lipatlisiso tse mabapi le lintho tse tlang pele naheng, leha e sa le kapele haholo ho bolela hore na e na le phello efe kapa efe ea boleng ba lipatlisiso le phello.
Maemo a mantlha a tlhahlobo ke tlhahlobo ea lithaka e ipapisitseng le maikutlo a komiti ea litsebi, empa feela ka mor'a hore ho hlahlojoe likopo tse thehiloeng ka botlalo holima metrics ea bongata. Liphephetso tsa mantlha li boetse li teng ka likomiti tsena: khaello ea mefuta-futa le kutloisiso ea litloaelo tsa mahlale a bulehileng, ho nahanoa hanyane ka litlamorao tsa lipatlisiso sechabeng, le bokhoni bo fokolang le leeme. Mathata ana, le mekhoa ea tlhahlobo ka kakaretso, ha e utloisisoe hantle, 'me ho na le khaello ea litataiso le lingoliloeng mabapi le taba ena.
Leha ho le joalo, ho na le tlhokomeliso e ntseng e eketseha ea tlhokahalo ea ho fetola tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso. E tšehelitsoe ke thuso ea boitlamo ba sechaba ea DORA, Indian National Young Academy of Sciences e sebelisana le Setsi sa Saense sa India (IISc) le DST-CPR ho hlahloba mekhoa eo tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso e ka ntlafatsoang ka eona - lipuisano tsa bona li arolelanoa le bankakarolo ba bohlokoa. pono ea ho susumetsa moqoqo oa naha ka tlhokahalo ea ho fetola 'me qetellong e fetole setso sa India sa lipatlisiso hore lipatlisiso tsa eona e be tse ncha le / kapa tsa sechaba. DST-CPR e lebelletse ho theha moralo oa bokhabane ba lipatlisiso o ka kenyelletsoang ho Moralo oa eona oa Boemo ba Setsi sa Naha.
Boitsebiso bo eketsehileng:
Battacharjee, S. 2022. Na Tsela eo India e Lekolang Lipatlisiso Tsa Eona e Etsa Mosebetsi oa Eona? – The Wire Science
DORA_IdeasForAction.pdf (dstcpriisc.org).
Suchiradipta, B. le Koley, M. 2022. Tlhahlobo ea Lipatlisiso India: Ke Eng e Lokelang ho Lula, Ke Eng e ka ba Betere? DST-CPR, IISc.
Mohlala oa naha: Japane
Liprothokholo tsa tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso li atolositsoe haholo Japane: athe ho na le 'Litataiso tsa Naha tsa Tlhahlobo ea R&D', tse fanoeng ke Lekhotla la Ofisi ea Kabinete ea Saense, Thekenoloji le Boithuto, Lekala la Thuto, Setso, Lipapali, Saense le Thekenoloji (MEXT) le tse ling. mafapha le ona a iketselitse litataiso tsa ona. Ka holim'a sena, liunivesithi le litsi tsa lipatlisiso li na le litsamaiso tsa tsona tsa tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso bakeng sa lipatlisiso le bafuputsi, bao - joalo ka likarolong tse ngata tsa lefats'e - ba amanang le ts'ebetso ea mekhatlo le kabo ea lichelete.
Ho bile le matšoenyeho a ntseng a eketseha mabapi le ho itšetleha ka ho fetelletseng ka tlhahlobo ea bongata. E le ho arabela, Lekhotla la Saense la Japane le lokiselitse tlhahiso mabapi le bokamoso ba tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso Japane (2022) e bitsang hore ho se ke ha e-ba le khatello e fokolang holim'a palo le ho feta mehatong ea boleng, tlhokomelo e eketsehileng ea mefuta-futa ea lipatlisiso le boikarabelo ba ho hlahloba lipatlisiso le ho beha leihlo mekhoa ea machaba ea phetoho ea mekhoa ea tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso. Qetellong, lithahasello tsa lipatlisiso le phahamiso li lokela ho ba khubung ea tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso, le boiteko bo bong le bo bong bo etsoang ho thibela mokhathala, khatello ea maikutlo le khatello e feteletseng ho bafuputsi.
Phuputso e entsoeng ke MEXT mabapi le matšoao a tlhahlobo e fumane hore JIF ke e 'ngoe ea matšoao a mangata' me, ka hona, ha e e-s'o be le tšusumetso e matla lipatlisisong tsa Majapane, le hoja sena se itšetlehile ka taeo: mohlala, tšebeliso ea JIF e phahame ho saense ea bongaka - le mesebetsi ea lipatlisiso e sa tloaelehang, joalo ka data e bulehileng, ha e na monyetla oa hore e hlahlojoe.
Qetellong, ho na le sekhahla se ntseng se hola sa tokiso ea tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso libakeng tse ling, linaheng le mekhatlong e meng. Mehlala e bonts'itsoeng mona e kenyelletsa lintlafatso naheng ka bophara, mekhatlo ea meaho kapa mekhatlo e kopaneng ea litsi tse nang le maikutlo a tšoanang tse batlang phetoho, sepheo/tsamaiso ea mafapha a itseng le litseko tsa ho loants'a likhothatso le boitšoaro bo fosahetseng.
Ena ha e e-so be puisano ea lefatše lohle e momahaneng le e kenyeletsang, leha e le hore litloaelo le litemoso li lokela ho arolelanoa pepeneneng. Litho tse ling tsa GYA, IAP le ISC li se li ntse li le teng sebakeng sena 'me menyetla e ka fumanoa ka mokhoa o molemo ho ba thusa ho arolelana thuto ea bona le mekhoa e metle e mong le e mong le litho tse pharalletseng. Ho thakholoa ha Global Observatory of Responsible Research Assessment (AGORRA) ke Setsi sa Lipatlisiso ka Setsi sa Lipatlisiso (RoRI) hamorao ka 2023 ho tla fana ka lepatlelo le leng la ho arolelana thuto, bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea papiso ea litsamaiso tsa ntlafatso ea naha le ea machaba le ho potlakisa lintlha tse peli mokhoa oa phapanyetsano le tlhahlobo ea mehopolo e metle ho pholletsa le litsamaiso tsena.
4. Liphello
Pampiri ena e hlakisitse lintlha tse ka sehloohong tse susumetsang, menyetla le liphephetso bakeng sa tokiso ea tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso le ho kopanya mehlala e bonts'ang ea phetoho e etsahalang maemong a lefats'e, a tikoloho, a naha le a mekhatlo. Sepheo sa sena ke ho bokella GYA, IAP le ISC le litho tse fapaneng, joalo ka mabatooa a bohlokoa a tikoloho ea lipatlisiso ea lefats'e.
Ho theha lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng tsa lingoliloeng tsa mahlale le mosebetsi oa bobuelli, ho na le liqeto tse hlano tse kholo.
1. Bohlokoa ba ho nahana bocha ka tsela eo liphuputso, mekhatlo le liphetho li hlahlojoang ka eona bo hlakile ebile bo potlakile. Ho boloka bots'epehi le boleng ba lipatlisiso, ho holisa mahlale a fapaneng, a kenyeletsang le a sa khetholleng, le ho ntlafatsa mahlale molemong oa sechaba sa lefats'e ke lintho tse ka sehloohong tse susumetsang, tse behiloeng maemong a lefatše le fetohang ka potlako.
2. Tsela eo liphuputso li rometsoeng, li tšehelitsoeng ka lichelete, li fanoang ka tsona le ho phatlalatsoa li ntse li tsoela pele ka lebelo. Ho fetela ho mahlale a ikemiselitseng morero le a transdisciplinary, meralo e bulehileng ea mahlale, mehlala e tsoelang pele ea tlhahlobo ea lithaka, ts'ebeliso ea AI le ho ithuta ka mochini le ho phahama ka potlako ha mecha ea litaba ea sechaba ho fetola mekhoa ea setso ea ho etsa le ho buisana ka lipatlisiso, e hlokang monahano o mocha mabapi le litsamaiso tsa tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso. le metrics le mekhoa ea ho hlahloba lithaka tse e tšehetsang. Ho feta, hape ho potlakile, ho hlokahala lipatlisiso ho paka litsamaiso tsena nakong e tlang.
3. Ho na le tlhokahalo ea litsamaiso tse leka-lekaneng tsa tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso tse nang le matšoao a mangata le a boleng a boleng ba mefuta e mengata ea sephetho sa lipatlisiso, lits'ebetso le mesebetsi. Leha ho le joalo, ho bolela hore mekhoa ea ho hlahloba lithaka bonyane e bohlokoa joalo ka ha bibliometrics ha e otlolohe ebile e thatafatsoa le ho feta ke hore likarolo tse fapaneng tsa lefats'e li le maemong a fapaneng ho nts'etsapele litsamaiso tsa bona tsa tlhahlobo: ho tse ling, likhang mabapi le ntlafatso ea tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso li tsoetse pele haholo, ho tse ding ba hlaha kapa ba le siyo.
4. Ho hlokahala boikitlaetso bo kopanetsoeng le ba 'nete ba lefats'e ka bophara le bo kenyeletsang bohle ho bokella sechaba sa ba amehang ba bohlokoa ho theha le ho kenya tšebetsong mekhoa e momahaneng ea tlhahlobo le lichelete tsa lipatlisiso; ho ithuta ho tsoa ho e mong le ho tsoa makaleng a mang (haholo-holo batšehetsi ba liphuputso le mekhatlo ea ntlafatso). Ketso e kopaneng, e kenyeletsang ho tlisa phetoho e tla hloka ho lemoha ho hokahana ho fapana le ho ikopanya ha lichaba tsa machaba kapa ho kopanya lintho ka bophara, ke hore, ho nahanela maemo, ho ela hloko mathata a fapaneng ao likarolo tse fapaneng tsa lefats'e li tobaneng le 'ona le mefuta e mengata e fapaneng ea tikoloho ea lipatlisiso, ha ka nako e ts'oanang e netefatsa ho lekana. homogeneity ho thusa litsamaiso tse lumellanang tsa lipatlisiso le lichelete le motsamao oa bafuputsi, ho fokotsa phapang le ho arohana. Puisano e sa fellang, e ikgethang e ka ba kotsing ya leeme le ho nyenyefatsa bao esale ba qheletswe ka thoko.
5. Phetoho ea hlokahala maemong ohle - lefatšeng ka bophara, tikolohong, naha le ea litsi - hobane metrics e tsamaea ka har'a tikoloho ea lipatlisiso 'me maemo ana kaofela a hokahane. Batho bohle ba amehang ba lokela ho phetha karolo ea bona e le balekane e seng bahanyetsi - ho kenyeletsoa bafani ba lichelete, liunivesithi, mekhatlo ea univesithi le mekhatlo ea lipatlisiso, mekhatlo ea mebuso (li-IGO), mebuso le marang-rang a mmuso, likolo tsa thuto, baetsi ba maano a saense, batsamaisi ba lipatlisiso le boqapi le bafuputsi ka bomong. Litho tsa GYA, IAP le ISC, ka kopanelo, li akaretsa karolo e kholo ea sebaka sena se ruileng (Setšoantšo sa 1, Sehlomathiso C).
Setšoantšo sa 1: 'Mapa oa batho ba amehang o amanang le litho tsa GYA, IAP le ISC (Tobetsa ho bona)
5. Litlhahiso tsa ho nka khato
Matla a ho bokella a mekhatlo e kang GYA, IAP le ISC a ka thusa ho kopanya maikutlo le liphihlelo tse fapaneng ho pholletsa le tikoloho ea lipatlisiso: ho etsa liteko, ho ithuta, le ho haha matsapa a teng le a macha. Hantle-ntle, ba ka hokahana le bankakarolo ba bohlokoa ho fehleng liphetoho - mebuso, batšehetsi ba lichelete le liunivesithi, le mekhatlo ea bohlokoa ea lefats'e joalo ka DORA - ho thusa ho bokella meralo ea batšoantšisi. Ka kakaretso, li ka sebetsa e le:
● babuelli - ho hlokomelisa ka lipuisano tsa tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso, nts'etsopele le liphetoho ho elelloa hore litho tsa bona li sebetsa e le (i) baeletsi le baokameli ba basebetsi-'moho le bona ba banyenyane, (ii) baetapele ba li-HEI, (iii) litho tsa boto tsa mekhatlo ea tsamaiso ea lichelete le khatiso le ( iv) baeletsi ho baetsi ba melaoana;
● baqapi - ho hlahloba mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho ananela lipatlisiso tsa motheo le tse sebelisoang ka litsela tse kenyeletsang bohle le tse ncha;
● mehlala - ho fetola setso sa bona sa mekhatlo - ho nchafatsa litho tsa bona, likhau, mekhoa ea khatiso le liboka, le ho ba mohlala;
● bahlahlobisisi - ho kenya letsoho mosebetsing oa litho maemong a litheo le a batho ka bomong bao khoebo ea bona e leng ho lekola bafuputsi, lipatlisiso le litsi, le ba nang le mesebetsi ea khatiso, ea bohlophisi le ea tlhahlobo ea lithaka;
● batšehetsi ba lichelete - ho hula mekhatlong ea lichelete e emetsoeng ho ISC, haholo-holo, le litho tse laolang le ho hasanya lithuso tse kholo tsa naha le tsa machaba;
● basebetsi-'moho - ba tšehetsang masolo a seng a ntse a thehiloe a ntlafatso, mohlala, DORA, EU's CoARA le boitlamo bo bulehileng ba saense ba UNESCO.
Bangoli ba pampiri ena ba khothaletsa GYA, IAP le ISC, le mekhatlo e tšoanang le bona, ho etsa ka litsela tse latelang:
KETSO EA 1: Arolelana thuto le boitlhakiso bo botle
Pampiri ena e totobatsa mehlala ea boitshunyako le boqapi bo tsoang lefats'eng ka bophara. Sebaka sa ho arolelana liphihlelo le ho aha 'kopano ea ba ikemiselitseng' e matla le e kenyeletsang e bohlokoa.
1.1: Fana ka sethala bakeng sa litho tse seng li ntse li le teng sebakeng sena ho arolelana boithuto ba tsona le ho theha likhokahano tsa maano, haholo boemong ba naha. Sebelisa mehlala ena ho thusa ho tlatsa Letlapa la DORA [106] ea ho ithuta le ho itloaetsa hantle.
1.2: Patlisiso le 'mapa oa nts'etsopele e etelletsoeng pele ke litho mabapi le tokiso ea tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso ho tseba mekhoa e metle ea mekhatlo, naha le libaka, le ho fumana le ho arolelana mekhoa e metle. Kopanya ba seng ba eteletse pele/ba kene mererong e meholo ea naha le ea machaba ho aha bobuelli le ho ithuta ho pholletsa le litho.
KETSO 2: Etella pele ka mohlala
Botho ba GYA, IAP le ISC bo akaretsa likarolo tse ngata tsa tikoloho ea lipatlisiso, 'me e' ngoe le e 'ngoe e ka bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho bopeng katleho ea rasaense.
2.1: Phetolelo ho mekhoa ea tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso e tsoelang pele ho pholletsa le litho tse pharaletseng. Etella pele ka mohlala le ho thusa ho fetola moetlo oa tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso ka lifilosofi le litloaelo tsa litho tsa bona, ha ba ntse ba ithuta ho tsoa ho DORA le GRC. Litsi tsa thuto, joalo ka mekhatlo ea maemo a holimo, li na le karolo e itseng eo li lokelang ho e bapala mona - li lokela ho khothaletsoa ho atolosa mekhoa ea tsona ea khetho le khetho ho bonahatsa kutloisiso e batsi le ea bongata ea boleng ba lipatlisiso le phello, e le ho bonahatsa bongata bona (le ka ho kenyeletsoa le ho fapana) ho litho tsa bona.
2.2: Khothaletsa tšebelisano-'moho ea libaka le boetapele. Khothaletsa marang-rang a libaka tsa litho tsa GYA le National Young Academies, marang-rang a thuto ea tikoloho ea IAP le Libaka tsa ISC tsa Libaka ho nahana ka ho etsisa Boto ea ALLEA. bohato, e ikamahanyang le maemo a bona.
KETSO EA 3: Theha likamano tsa maano le mabatooa a bohlokoa.
Batšoantšisi ba bararo ba ka sehloohong ba ikarabellang bakeng sa ho khanna liphetoho tsa tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso ke mebuso, batšehetsi ba lichelete le liunivesithi. GYA, IAP le ISC e ka thusa e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ho tlisa sechaba sa bafuputsi boitekong ba bona ba ho fetola le ho koala likheo tse teng hona joale.
3.1: Kopana le boetapele ba GRC ho hlahloba mekhoa ea ho sebetsa 'moho - haholo-holo ho susumetsa litho le baemeli ba bona ba naha ba GRC ho hlahloba hore na sechaba sa bona sa lipatlisiso se ka kenya letsoho joang.
3.2: Ho sebelisana le marang-rang a lefats'e le a libaka tsa liunivesithi, tse kang Mokhatlo oa Machaba oa Liunivesithi (IAU), ho hlahisa lisebelisoa tse ncha tsa koetliso bakeng sa sechaba sa lipatlisiso; sebelisa boetapele ba HEI ka har'a litho tse kopaneng tsa GYA, IAP le ISC joalo ka babuelli.
3.3: Hokela mekhatlo ea litho tsa linaha tsa lithuso tsa DORA (Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Colombia, India, Japan, Netherlands, Uganda le Venezuela) le lithuso tsa DORA ho arolelana maikutlo le monyetla oa ho eketsa matsapa ana a lehae.
3.4: Theha likamano le mekhatlo e ka sehloohong ea nts'etsopele ea machaba e seng e ntse e sebelisa mekhoa e mecha le e nang le tšusumetso bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso linaheng tse nang le chelete e tlaase le e bohareng le linaheng tse tsoelang pele.
3.5: Sebetsa le UNESCO ho thusa ho theha boitlamo ba naha ea tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso tlas'a eona Keletso mabapi le Open Science.
KETSO EA 4: Fana ka boetapele ba bohlale mabapi le bokamoso ba tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso.
Ho tsepamisitse maikutlo liphephetsong tse tobileng le tse potlakileng bakeng sa tokiso ea tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso hoa hlokahala. GYA, IAP le ISC, le marang-rang a machaba a kang bona, a ka sebelisa matla a bona a ho bokella, boima ba kelello le tšusumetso ea litho tsa bona le likamano le mabatooa a bohlokoa.
4.1: Kopanya le mabatooa a bohlokoa letoto la lipuisano tsa batho ba bangata kapa 'Transformation Labs' ho nahana bocha le ho kenya tšebetsong liphetoho tsa tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso - ho kopanyelletsa baetapele ba li-HEI le marang-rang a bona a lefats'e (mohlala, IAU le IARU) le libaka (mohlala LERU le AAU [107] ]), bafani ba lichelete tsa lipatlisiso (ho kenyeletsoa baemeli ba naha ba GRC), mekhatlo ea machaba ea ntlafatso le baphatlalatsi ba ka sehloohong, har'a ba bang. Hlahisa lisebelisoa tse ncha kapa u sebelise lisebelisuoa tse seng li le teng ho tšehetsa mosebetsi ona (sheba Sehlomathiso sa D bakeng sa mehopolo ea selelekela).
4.2: Theha boithuto bo bocha mabapi le karolo ea bohlokoa ea nts'etsopele ea bokamoso ba tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso joalo ka (1) phello ea tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji tlhahlobong ea lipatlisiso le tlhahlobo ea lithaka (ho kenyeletsoa ts'ebeliso le tlhekefetso), le hore na tsena li ka fetoha joang nakong e tlang le ( 2) ho fetola mokhoa oa ho hlahloba lithaka ka ho pharaletseng (ho ea ka ponaletso, ho buleha, bokhoni, kananelo le koetliso). Litaba tsena ka bobeli li bohlokoa ho ts'epahala ha tsebo le ts'epahalo ea mahlale.
Bohareng ba boiteko bona bohle e lokela ho ba lintho tse tharo tsa bohlokoa:
• Ho atolosa litekanyetso tsa tlhahlobo bakeng sa liphuputso tsa saense le bafuputsi ho feta metrics e tloaelehileng ea thuto ho kenyelletsa mefuta e mengata ea lipatlisiso le mosebetsi, ho kenyeletsoa le maemo a mangata a ka methang tšusumetso ea sechaba ea lipatlisiso.
• Ho khothaletsa baetapele ba li-HEI le batšehetsi ba liphuputso ho amohela le ho khothaletsa mekhoa ena e mecha ea tlhahlobo e le mehato ea boleng le boleng ba lipatlisiso.
• Ho sebetsa le baetapele bana ka mekhoa e mecha ea tlhokomeliso le koetliso bakeng sa meloko e tlang ea bafuputsi ho ba hlomella ka litsebo tse hlokahalang tsa ho buisana le ho sebelisana hantle le baetsi ba melaoana, sechaba le mabatooa a mang a bohlokoa; le ho khothaletsa mefuta-futa le ho kenyeletsoa khoebong ea lipatlisiso.
Bangoli ba pampiri ena ba fihletse qeto ea hore marang-rang a kang GYA, IAP le ISC, hammoho le ho tšehetsa mabatooa a mang a bohlokoa, a ka thusa ho aha morero o momahaneng, o nkang karolo, oa lefats'e oa ho bokella sechaba sa lipatlisiso, liunivesithi le li-HEI tse ling ho potoloha leano lena, le ho nahanisisa. mokhoa oa ho sebelisa mekhoa e mecha ea ho hlahloba le ho tšehetsa lipatlisiso ka lichelete ho etsa hore e sebetse hantle, e leeme, e kenyelle batho bohle le ho ba le tšusumetso.
Lisebelisoa
Bangoli le liteboho
Pampiri ena e ngotsoe ke litho tsa GYA-IAP-ISC Scoping Group, e neng e sebetsa nako le nako lipakeng tsa Mots'eanong 2021 le Hlakola 2023 (lintlha tse ling ho Sehlomathiso A):
• Sarah de Rijcke (Modulasetulo, Netherlands)
• Clemencia Cosentino (USA)
• Robin Crewe (Afrika Borwa)
• Carlo D'Ippoliti (Italy)
• Shaheen Motala-Timol (Mauritius)
• Noorsaadah Binti A Rahman (Malaysia)
• Laura Rovelli (Argentina)
• David Vaux (Australia)
• Yao Yupeng (Chaena)
Sehlopha sa Tšebetso se leboha Tracey Elliott (Moeletsi e Moholo oa ISC) bakeng sa tšebelisano ea hae le mosebetsi oa ho ngola. Liteboho li boetse li ea ho Alex Rushforth (Setsi sa Lithuto tsa Saense le Theknoloji (CWTS), Univesithi ea Leiden, Netherlands) le Sarah Moore (ISC) bakeng sa ho kenya letsoho le tšehetso e eketsehileng.
Sehlopha sa Tshebetso se boetse se leboha bohle bao ho buisanoeng le bona ho lokiseng pampiri ena (Sehlomathiso sa B), ba faneng ka nako ea bona le ho arolelana maikutlo a bona mabapi le tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso linaheng tsa bona le libaka, le ho bahlahlobi ba khethiloeng ke GYA, IAP le ISC:
• Karina Batthyány, Motsamaisi e Moholo, Lekhotla la Latin America la Social Sciences (CLACSO) (Uruguay)
• Richard Catlow, Moprofesa oa Lipatlisiso, Univesithi ea London College (UK)
• Sibel Eker, Motlatsi oa Moprofesa, Univesithi ea Radbound (Netherlands)
• Encieh Erfani, Mofuputsi oa Saense, Setsi sa Machaba sa Theory Physics (Iran, Italy)
• Motoko Kotani, Motlatsi wa Mopresidente wa Phethahatso, Riken (Japan)
• Pradeep Kumar, Moprofesa le Mofuputsi e Moholo, Univesithi ea Witwatersrand (Afrika Boroa)
• Boon Han Lim, Motlatsi oa Moprofesa, Univesithi ea Tinku Abdul Rahman (UTAR) (Malaysia)
• Priscilla Kolibea Mante, Morupeli e Moholo, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) (Ghana)
• Alma Hernández-Mondragón, Mopresidente, Mokhatlo oa Mexico oa Tsoelo-pele ea Saense (AMEXAC) (Mexico)
• Khatijah Mohamad Yusoff, Moprofesa e Moholo, Univesithi ea Putra Malaysia (UPM) (Malaysia)
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