Boemo ba ISC mabapi le ponaletso ea lichelete tsa lipatlisiso

E etelletsoe pele ke Komiti ea Lekhotla ea Tokoloho le Boikarabelo ho Saense (CFRS), boemo bona bo arabela thahasellong e ntseng e eketseha har'a litho tsa ISC litabeng tsa mekhoa ea lichelete tsa lipatlisiso. E tsepamisitse maikutlo sebakeng se le seng sa bohlokoa moo tsoelo-pele e sebetsang le e theko e tlaase e ka khonehang bakeng sa bohle, ho tloha ho bafuputsi ka bomong ho ea ho mebuso: ho netefatsa pepenene mabapi le hore na lipatlisiso li tšehetsoa joang ka lichelete.

Saense e tšehetsoa ka lichelete ke mehloli e mengata: mebuso, indasteri, mekhatlo e ikemetseng, le liphallelo. Tsamaisong ena e rarahaneng, lihokelo tse ipatileng tsa lichelete li ka sebelisoa ho sotha liphuputso tsa saense, ho khelosa sechaba le ho hatella bopaki. Tšebeliso e mpe joalo e fehla boitsebiso bo fosahetseng, e senya ho tšepa saense, ’me e ka ntša batho le polanete kotsi kotsi.

Boemo bo bocha ba ISC bo hloka hore ho be le pepeneneng ka botlalo mabapi le lichelete tsa lipatlisiso e le mokhoa oa pele o bonolo, o potlakileng le o sebetsang oa ts'ireletso khahlanong le likotsi tsena. E boetse e totobatsa hore ho sireletsa saense ke boikarabelo bo arolelanoang bo thehiloeng litokelong tsa botho. Ha saense e sebelisoa, batho ba haneloa ho fumana tsebo e tšepahalang, 'me sena se thibela ho ikoetlisa ka katleho ha motho tokelo ea ho kenya letsoho le ho rua molemo ho saense.

Boemo ba Lekhotla la Machabeng la Saense mabapi le ponaletso ea lichelete tsa lipatlisiso

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Boemo ba ISC mabapi le ponaletso ea lichelete tsa lipatlisiso

Mokhoa oa mahlale o ipapisitse le ho pepeseha, ho phehisana khang le ho hlahlobisisa lintlha tsa bohlokoa, bopaki, le ho se kholisehe, 'me oa nyenyefatsoa ha ts'ebetso ena e sothoa kapa e hatelloa. Lithahasello tsa lichelete le tse ling tsa batšehetsi le bafuputsi li ka baka likhohlano tsa thahasello le khopamiso kapa khatello ea lits'ebetso le liphetho tsa lipatlisiso. Ho netefatsa katleho ea lipuisano tsa mahlale le tlhahiso ea tsebo, ho bohlokoa hore mehloli ea lichelete bakeng sa lipatlisiso e phatlalatsoe phatlalatsa. Lithuso tsa lichelete tsa ho etsa liphuputso ke mekhatlo e ikemetseng, ke mebuso, mekhatlo eo e seng ea 'muso le mekhatlo e fanang ka liphallelo e ka hlahisoa ke lithahasello tse ngata tse amanang le merero ea moruo, ea lipolotiki kapa ea maikutlo, e ka hlahisang thahasello e itseng molemong oa sephetho se itseng sa lipatlisiso tse tšehetsoang ka lichelete. Boteng ba lithahasello tse joalo ke ntho e ke keng ea qojoa. Bokhopo boo boemo bona bo batlang ho bo rarolla ke moo bafani ba lichelete le bafuputsi ba batlang ho susumetsa, ho sekisetsa kapa ho laola mekhoa ea lipatlisiso le liphetho molemong oa lithahasello tse joalo.

Khoebo ea morao-rao ea saense e itšetlehile ka mehloli e fapaneng ea lichelete e amang lekala la sechaba (mohlala, mafapha a mmuso le mekhatlo ea linaha tse ngata), lekala la poraefete (liindasteri le batšehetsi ba bang ba etsang phaello) le mekhatlo ea sechaba (mohlala, mehloli ea liphallelo le mekhatlo e ikemetseng). Tsohle li tsamaisa boqapi le ho ts'ehetsa likhatelopele tsa bohlokoa tse ntlafatsang le ho sireletsa bophelo bo botle ba batho le polanete. Leha ho le joalo, liphuputso tsohle tsa saense li kotsing ea ho qhekelloa le leeme le amang bafani ba lichelete le bafuputsi tse ka 'nang tsa ama hampe ho nepahala le liphello tsa sechaba. Likotsi tsa ho qhekella le leeme lia fokotseha ha mehloli ea lichelete le likamano lipakeng tsa batšehetsi le bafuputsi li bulehetse ho hlahlojoa ke sechaba le ke sechaba sa mahlale.

Maemong a mang, batšehetsi ba lichelete ba matla ba nang le lithahasello tsa moruo kapa tseo e seng tsa moruo ba ka ts'ehetsa ka leano liketso tse nyenyefatsang, tse sa bueng hantle, tse sitisang kapa tse nyenyefatsang tumellano e theiloeng hantle ea mahlale bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea lithahasello tseo. Ka tsela ena, lichelete tsa lipatlisiso li ka sebelisoa ho sekisetsa botšepehi le liphetho tsa mahlale le ho hasa litaba tse fosahetseng le tse fosahetseng.[1]

Ho na le litloaelo tse fosahetseng le tsa disinformation, tseo ka linako tse ling li bitsoang "buka ea ho bapala", e itšetlehileng ka likamano pakeng tsa bafani ba lichelete le bafuputsi tse patehileng mahlong a sechaba. Ba sebetsa, ka karolo e itseng, hobane sechaba se susumetsoa hore se lumele hore lipatlisiso tseo ho buuoang ka tsona li hlahisoa ntle le lithahasello tsa khoebo kapa tse ling tse khethehileng. Matšolo a khahlanong le saense a etsoang ke liindasteri tsa koae, mafura le chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana ke maemo a itseng. liphello tse mpe bophelong ba batho le tikoloho Hape, ho na le khahlanong le saense liketso ka mebuso, ho ntšetsa pele merero e fapaneng, joalo ka e amang bophelo bo botle 'me tikoloho maano. Matšolo ana a lefats'e a ntse a tsoela pele, joalo ka boiteko bo bongata bo bonyenyane ba ho pata bopaki ba saense likarolong tse ngata tsa saense lefatšeng ka bophara. Tlhekefetso le tšebeliso e mpe ea tsamaiso ea mahlale li fokolisa tšepo ea sechaba ho saense 'me li na le monyetla oa ho baka kotsi e tebileng ea sechaba. Tšokelo e kholo ho lekana hore Seboka sa Lefatše sa Moruo se Tlaleho ea Likotsi tsa Lefatše tsa 2025 e thathamisa tlhahisoleseding e fosahetseng le disinformation (ka bophara, le ka nqane ho lekala la mahlale) e le kotsi e kaholimo ea nako e khuts'oane ho nts'etsopele ea batho lilemong tse peli tse tlang - pele ho liketsahalo tse matla tsa leholimo le likhohlano tsa libetsa - hape e le eona feela likotsi tse 5 tse holimo lilemong tse leshome tse tlang tse sa amaneng le ho senyeha ha tikoloho ea tlhaho.

Litsebi tsa ISC Melao-motheo ea Tokoloho le Boikarabelo ho Saense hatisa boikarabelo bo arolelanoeng tsamaisong eohle ea mahlale a lefats'e ho netefatsa hore liphuputso tsa mahlale, data, le liphuputso ha li na litlamorao tse mpe tse bakoang ke likhohlano tsa lichelete le tse ling tse lebisang ho qhekelleng lipatlisiso tsa mahlale. Ho lumella saense hore e sebelisoe bakeng sa ho hasa litaba tse fosahetseng le boitsebiso bo fosahetseng ho bontša ho hlōleha ha melao-motheo ena, e leng ho behang kotsing liphello tse fosahetseng, tse khelosang le tse kotsi. Hantle-ntle, sena se nyenyefatsa boemo le karolo ea saense e le molemo oa sechaba lefatšeng ka bophara - tlhahisoleseding e sa nepahalang e ke ke ea e-ba mohloli o molemo. Joalokaha ho boletsoe ka 2024 tlaleha ho Lekhotla la Litokelo tsa Botho la UN ke Rapporteur ea Khethehileng lefapheng la litokelo tsa setso, ho qhekella ha bopaki ba mahlale, data, le tumellano ka matšolo a fosahetseng le a disinformation le ona a hlahisa tlolo ea molao e tebileng. tokelo ya ho kenya letsoho le ho rua molemo ho saense ka ho thibela sechaba ho fumana boitsebiso bo nepahetseng ba saense le ho bo sebelisa ka litsela tse molemo.

Ka 2022, Mongoli-Kakaretso oa UN o ile a fana ka tlaleho, Ho hanyetsa Disinformation, e hlokang matsete ntoeng khahlanong le disinformation. Ho na le lisebelisoa tse ngata tse thusang ho loants'a litaba tse fosahetseng le tse sa tsebeng letho, empa mokhoa o bonolo le o se nang likhang oo sechaba sa mahlale se ikemiselitseng ho o sebelisa ka bongata mme hang-hang o tsitlallela pepeneneng ea mehloli eohle ea lichelete tsa lipatlisiso, ho sa tsotelehe hore na e tsoa hokae. Ponaletso ea lichelete, leha e se tharollo e felletseng, ke mohato oa pele o batlang o le bonolo oa ho bebofatsa le oa ho amoha matšolo a mashano a khahlanong le mahlale a mashano le a disinformation. Ponaletso ha e bolele phokotso efe kapa efe ea lichelete, 'me mekhatlo e se e ntse e e-na le lintlha tsohle tse hlokahalang. Ka hona, litšenyehelo tsa ho kenya tšebetsong pepeneneng hangata li tlase, athe meputso e ka ba holimo - ho eketsa katleho ea mahlale le ts'epo ho saense, e thusang sechaba.

Sechaba sa lefats'e sa saense - maemong ohle, ho tloha ho batho ka bomong ho ea ho mekhatlo le mebuso - se na le boikarabelo bo hlakileng ba ho boloka le ho atolosa pepeneneng ea mehloli eohle ea lichelete tsa lipatlisiso. Boikarabello bona bo se bo potlakile haholo kaha ho fokotseha ha lichelete tsa mmuso ho qobelletse liunivesithi le litsi tse ling tsa lipatlisiso, mohlala, ho amohela mekhoa e mengata ea khoebo, ho kenyeletsoa ho fumana lichelete tsa lekala la poraefete. Phetoho ena hangata e etsahala ho sa natsoe letho kapa ho se nahane letho ka ponaletso.

ISC e lumela hore ponaletso ea lichelete tsa liphuputso ka kakaretso ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea ts'ebetso ea mahlale e nang le boikarabello le mokhoa oa pele oa ts'ireletso khahlano le ho sekisetsa botšepehi ba lipatlisiso le ho hasana ha litaba tse fosahetseng le tse fosahetseng. ISC e khothaletsa hore:

1. Maemo ohle a tsamaiso ea mahlale a lefats'e a amohela tloaelo, moo molao, a senolang ka ho hlaka boholo ba lichelete le tšehetso e 'ngoe e fanoeng ke bafani ba lichelete ho bafuputsi le hore sena se hlokomeloe lipuisanong tsohle tsa sechaba ke mofuputsi joalo ka lingoliloeng, liwebsaete, lipuo, likopano le maemong ohle moo mofuputsi a ka nkuoang a bua joalo ka setsebi.
2. Likoranta tsohle tsa mahlale li hloka liphatlalatso tsa semmuso tsa mohloli oa lichelete bakeng sa lipatlisiso tseo li li phatlalatsang.   
3. Boikarabelo ba ho senola lichelete tsa lipatlisiso bo tla nkoa e le bo arolelanoang pakeng tsa liunivesithi, mekhatlo e ithutoang, mekhatlo ea basebetsi, mekhatlo ea lichelete le mekhatlo e meng ea saense, 'me e se ke ea nkoa e le boikarabelo ba bafuputsi ka bomong.
4. Mekhatlo le mekhatlo e be mafolo-folo ho nts'etsapele mekhoa ea ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng le e tloaelehileng ea lichelete tsa lipatlisiso.

[1] ISC e latela Kutloisiso ea UN mabapi le liphoso le disinformation, moo boitsebiso bo fosahetseng bo buang ka phatlalatso e sa reroang ea boitsebiso bo fosahetseng athe boitsebiso bo fosahetseng bo reretsoe ho thetsa.

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